Alexander Skaliy

Background and Study Aim. The consequences of combat stress, injuries, prolonged psycho-emotional strain, and disrupted social connections necessitate the search for accessible means of comprehensive support for war veterans. A promising approach is the use of adaptive CrossFit, which combines measured physical activity, individualized exercise adaptation, teamwork, and social support. However, the immediate and short-term changes in veterans' psycho-emotional states after participating in adaptive CrossFit events remain understudied. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of adaptive CrossFit events on the emotional state and psychological well-being of war veterans. Materials and Methods. The study involved 40 male war veterans aged 27 to 58 years (41.8 ± 8.7 years), 35.0% of whom had suffered combat-related injuries, including amputations or musculoskeletal disorders. The study was conducted using a single-group design with repeated measures (pretest-posttest follow-up design). Each participant took part in one of four identically organized 60-minute adaptive CrossFit mass sports events. The program included a warm-up, three circuits of ten functional exercises, and a final recovery portion; the exercises were adapted to the functional capabilities of the veterans. Assessments were conducted 24 hours before the training, 24 hours later, and 7 days after its completion. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Kokun scaled self-assessment of psychophysiological state, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used. Differences were determined using the paired Student's t-test, and the practical significance of changes was determined using the Cohen's d effect size. Results. Twenty-four hours after participation in the mass sports event, a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms was observed, with the effect size for anxiety corresponding to a large level, and for depressive symptoms to a moderate level. Statistically significant positive changes with a large effect size (d = 1.14–1.57) were revealed for all psychophysiological state indicators, the most pronounced for the mood indicator. All components of psychological well-being according to the WHO-5 increased by 42.9–48.0%, and the integral indicator by 33.2%, while the effect size for all indicators corresponded to a large level. After 7 days, the positive changes partially persisted: the anxiety indicator remained statistically significantly lower than the baseline level, all psychophysiological state indicators were statistically significantly higher, and the WHO-5 components exceeded the baseline values by 15.4–24.0%, and the integral indicator by 19.3%. At the same time, the reduction in depressive manifestations after 7 days did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions. War veterans' participation in an adaptive CrossFit mass sports event had a positive impact on their emotional state, psychophysiological well-being, and psychological well-being. The most pronounced positive changes were observed 24 hours after the training, while they partially persisted after 7 days, although their intensity diminished. Changes in anxiety levels, psychophysiological state characteristics, and psychological well-being were more stable, while the reduction in depressive symptoms no longer reached statistical significance after one week. These results support the potential of using adaptive CrossFit mass sports events as part of comprehensive physical, psychological, and social support for war veterans.

Background and Purpose The modern development of football requires the development and implementation of effective methods of controlling the competitive activity of both individual players and football teams. One of such methods is an integrated assessment of the tactics of a football team. The purpose of the research is to determine the indicators of the integrated assessment of the tactics of the leading football teams at the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup based on a systematic approach. Materials and methods The study was conducted during the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. The competitive activity of the four leading football teams Chelsea (England), PSG (France), Real Madrid (Spain), Flumenense (Brazil) in the semi-final and final matches of this tournament was analysed. The research was carried out on the basis of the following methods: theoretical analysis of literary sources; pedagogical observation; analysis of video materials of competitive activity; methods of mathematical activity. Results The indicators of the integral assessment of game tactics (IATG) of the leading football teams at the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup have been determined. The structure of the IATG consists of 10 specific coefficients, on the basis of which the competitive activity of football teams in the phases of ball recovery and ball possession was characterised. The average value of IATG in the semifinal and final matches was 5.52±0.384 points. The highest value of IATG was registered in the Chelsea team (5.9 points), which won the 2025 FIFA Club World Cup. A significant correlation was observed between variables associated with individual players' tactical coefficients at the p<0.05 and p<0.01 significance levels. Conclusions The integral assessment of the tactics of the football team's game allows to purposefully exercise managerial control in the process of competitive activity, taking into account the main tactical components of the game in the phases of recovery and possession of the ball.

Background and Study Aim. The article examines the need to implement digital tools for objective monitoring and enhancing the effectiveness of swimming instruction, driven by the increasing focus on developing aquatic competence and preventing drowning across different age groups. Purpose: to analyze the application of the developed computer program "SwimTeach Express" in the formation of swimming skills and water competence of people of different ages. Materials and Methods: the study involved 120 participants aged 6–60 years, divided into four age groups: children (6–10 years), adolescents (11–16 years), adults (17–45 years), and older adults (46–60 years). Research methods: methods of theoretical level of research; empirical research methods: pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment; methods of mathematical statistics. Results: the study demonstrated the effectiveness of the digital platform SwimTeach Express in developing swimming skills and aquatic competence among individuals aged 6–60 years. A statistically significant improvement was recorded, with the integrated score increasing from 49.8 ± 11.1 to 83.0 ± 9.8 (+66.7%; p < 0.001). The observed changes reflect the activation of sensorimotor, respiratory, and cardiovascular adaptation mechanisms, enhancing functional readiness for activity in the aquatic environment. Conclusions: The study confirmed the effectiveness of the SwimTeach Express digital platform as an innovative tool for developing swimming skills and aquatic competence among individuals aged 6–60 years. Its application provided objective monitoring, instant feedback, and personalized learning, fostering motivation and self-regulation. The integration of pedagogical modeling, biological feedback, and digital analytics forms the basis of a new evidence-based aquapedagogy, enhancing functional readiness and safety in aquatic environments across different age groups.

Background and Study Aim. Modern preschool education focuses on developing not only cognitive skills but also social and emotional competence – key factors determining a child's readiness for successful adaptation and social interaction. Swimming lessons are considered a promising means of developing soft skills, as they combine physical activity, emotional release, and interpersonal interaction. Previous studies demonstrate the positive impact of aquatic environments on communication, emotional regulation, and children's psychoemotional state. However, empirical studies aimed at comprehensively studying the relationship between swimming skills and the development of soft skills in preschoolers are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of systematic swimming lessons on the development of soft skills in preschool children and to quantify the relationship between the level of development of swimming skills and the components of soft skills. Material and methods. The study involved 40

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive sports games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine. Materials and methods. A total of 341 individuals were involved in the study: 117 children (8-12 years old), 118 middle-aged people (35-60 years old), and 116 elderly people (60 years and older). The participants of the study were divided into two groups: those who took part in the Polish project “Academic Center of Sports and Health Games for Activation of People with Special Needs” (56 children, 65 adults, 73 elderly people), and those who took part in the Polish-Ukrainian project, which was conducted directly in Ukraine, “Ukrainian Center of Occupational Therapy through Adaptive Games” (61 children, 53 adults, 44 elderly people). All study participants were engaged in adaptive games (Cornhole, Jacollo, Elastik, Kulbutto, Boccia, Paka laka) for the first time. At the beginning and end of the event on adaptive games, a survey of participants was conducted. To determine the psycho-emotional state of children, the WAM method (well-being, activity, mood) was used, and the features of adults’ psychological state were assessed using the standard test AWAMW (anxiety, working capacity, activity, mood, well-being). Results. The analysis of the obtained study results revealed positive changes in the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine under the influence of adaptive sports games. Furthermore, the adult population, including the elderly of Poland and Ukraine, demonstrated decreased anxiety levels and a significant enhancement in activity, mood and well-being due to engaging in adaptive sports games. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the potential of adaptive sports games to improve the mental health of different population groups. The findings also indicate the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups both in Poland and Ukraine.

Physical culture and health activities are an important aspect of modern life, which affects not only physical but also mental health. In the context of global trends towards a healthy lifestyle, physical activity plays a key role in disease prevention, maintaining normal body weight and improving the quality of life. The purpose of the study is to identify the most popular types of physical education and health activities among young people and adults in different countries, as well as to analyze the factors influencing the choice of one or another form of activity. Methods. The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The studies were conducted in Poland, Ukraine and China. The study involved 392 students (142 from Poland, 114 from Ukraine, 136 from China) and 303 adults (102 from Poland, 96 from Ukraine, 105 from China). The average age of young people was 19.4±2.52 years, and that of the adult population was 43.6±5.38 years. Results. As a result of the survey of students and adults in Poland, China and Ukraine, various advantages in choosing types of physical activity were revealed depending on their country of residence. Also, factors such as socio-cultural characteristics, infrastructure development, economic factors, climatic conditions, etc. were established that influence the choice of students and adults of types of physical activity. Conclusions. It was established that the choice of types of physical education and health activities in different countries reflects cultural characteristics and conditions for physical education and sports. Also, the development of sports infrastructure in countries plays an important role in choosing types of physical activity. In general, young people and adults in Poland, China and Ukraine are actively involved in sports, but there are significant differences in preferences depending on the country and age

Background and purpose Purpose: to identify and evaluate critically the evidence pertaining to pickleball injury risk factors. Material and methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework was followed for conducting the systematic review. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus article searches The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow technique is used during the data collection phase of the literature review. The following factors are taken into consideration while looking for research journals: (1) variables that match the needs of the writing; (2) consistent data collection techniques; (3) measurable and reliable research findings; and (4) clearly and precisely stated data analysis. Researchers used the Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases to search for literature on the subject of risk factors for pickleball injuries. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were chosen because of their ease of access and eligibility to get complete and in-depth articles. In addition, researchers are looking for open-access articles so that they can access them for free. Keywords used include pickleball, injury, risk, and factor. In the initial search, 417 articles were found, consisting of 406 articles from Google Scholar, 9 articles from Scopus, and 2 articles from PubMed. After going through the selection process, 392 articles were automatically deleted, and 25 potentially relevant articles were obtained to go through the next selection process. Of the 25 articles, 5 that did not meet the inclusion criteria were removed, and 20 articles were found. Of the 20 articles reviewed through research titles and abstracts, 10 were deleted, and the remaining 10 were worth analyzing. Of the 10 articles analyzed by researchers, six were found to be reviewed. The deletion of 4 articles was due to 2 articles not being able to explain risk factors for injury to pickleball, 1 article being a systematic literature review, and 1 article not explaining injury to pickleball. Result Age, gender, technique, equipment, a lack of warm-up and stretching, past injuries, overuse, and court surface were found in six articles to be risk factors for pickleball injuries. Conclusion Excessive use and a lack of stretching and warming up are two things that require attention out of all the risk factors for injury that have occurred in the past. The greatest risk factor for injuries to recur years later is prior injuries. To reduce the likelihood of more injuries, the best therapy must be given. A pickleball player must be aware of the volume, intensity, and rest intervals of their activities as these can be risk factors for injury. Prior to participating in sports, especially pickleball, it's important to take into account the lack of a warm-up and stretching routine. Despite the lack of particular study on this topic, it is crucial to lower the risk of harm.

Background and purpose The lack of a training model in archery causes tremors which will have an impact on a lack of accuracy in archery, this study aims to provide a special training model for archery athletes. Materials and methods With a 2 x 2 factorial design and the population used was archery athletes with a population of 38 taken by purposive sampling with the criteria of being elite archery athletes, aged 16-18 years, then ranked 27% in the upper group and 27% in the lower group. Obtained a research sample of 20 athletes then, from each of these data were divided into two groups by way of ordinal pairing. After carrying out the pretest, the athletes carried out variations of push-up and pull-up exercises which were carried out for 18 meetings, and test instruments for endurance and arm muscle strength tests holding bow digits. Results (1) There is a significant difference in the effect of push-up and pull-up training methods on the arm muscle strength of archery athletes, with an F value of 7,738 and a significance value of p 0.027 <0.05. (2) There is a significant difference in the effect of athletes who have high and low muscle endurance on the arm muscle strength of archery athletes, as evidenced by the F value of 51.203 and a significance value of p 0.000 <0.05. (3) There is a significant interaction between push-up and pull-up training methods and muscle endurance (high and low) on the arm muscle strength of archery athletes, with an F value of 51.203 and a significance value of p 0.000 <0.05. Conclusions There is a significant interaction, namely push-up exercises are suitable for those who have high arm muscle endurance, while pull-up exercises are more suitable for athletes who have low arm muscle endurance.

Purpose: to evaluate the impact of classes using adaptive games on the psychological rehabilitation of military personnel in a health care facility. Material and methods. The study involved 34 male military personnel who were undergoing rehabilitation in a health care facility after being wounded. The study involved determining the psychological state (using the standard TRANS test) and the speed of sensorimotor reactions (using the Visuomotor Choice Reaction and Reaction RMO Pro computer programs) of the military personnel undergoing rehabilitation at the beginning and end of the study. The study lasted three weeks, during which classes were held using adaptive games (Cornhole, Jacollo, Elastik, Kulbutto, Boccia, Paka laka). Classes were held three times a week, lasting 90 minutes each. Results. It has been established that classes using adaptive games have a positive effect on the level of psychological state and the manifestation of a simple sensorimotor reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation in a health care facility. According to the results of the study, it has been established that anxiety indicators have decreased, and indicators of performance, activity, mood and health have increased. In the course of determining the manifestation of a simple reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation, it has been established that the use of adaptive games has a positive effect on the speed and accuracy of the sensorimotor reaction. Conclusions. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the implementation of the project "Ukrainian Center for Occupational Therapy with Adaptive Games" under the program "RITA - Region in Transition" of the Foundation "Education for Democracy". Thanks to the activities carried out using adaptive games aimed at motor activity, fine motor skills and attention, the psycho-emotional state and sensorimotor reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation have changed positively. The presented results indicate the positive impact of adaptive games on the psycho-emotional state and the general process of rehabilitation of military personnel. Therefore, it can be argued that adaptive games are a powerful means of psychological rehabilitation, as well as psycho-emotional and social adaptation.

Background and Study Aim. The World Health Organization has recognized that insufficient physical activity is a serious public health problem. A large number of studies are devoted to improving livelihoods and increasing life expectancy of the population through the formation of guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity is one of the most important components of maintaining health and healthy aging. Many European countries already have well-developed social programs to support physical activity among older people. This includes the organization of sporting events, financial support for clubs for seniors, as well as infrastructure that promotes an active lifestyle (active parks, walking and cycling paths, a sufficient number of swimming pools, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of complex motor training on the morphofunctional and psycho-emotional state of elderly people from different countries of Europe and Asia. Material and Methods. The study involved 240 (30 men and 30 women each from Poland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine) elderly people (the average age of the study participants was 68.24±3.01 years). The groups were homogeneous in age, gender, social status, interests, level of physical fitness, functionality and motivation. The study participants followed a developed physical activity program for older people. Classes lasted a year, 3 times a week, lasting 60 minutes each. The program included theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical material concerned the benefits of physical activity, motor mode and dosage of exercise for older people. The practical part included the most common types of physical education and health activities among older people (swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism). The study involved assessing the morphofunctional state of older people by determining body mass indexes, functional changes and Robinsonal, as well as the Skibinsky and Rufier tests, and the assessment of well-being, activity and mood (WAM) was carried out using a questionnaire Results. During the study, we measured morphofunctional indicators and determined the psycho-emotional state of elderly people from Poland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, who were engaged in a developed program using various types of physical activity, namely: swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of using a comprehensive physical activity program among older women and men from different countries of Europe and Asia. All participants showed positive changes in all indicators. Minor changes over the course of a year of training according to the developed program in the indicators of the morphofunctional and psycho-emotional state of elderly people from Poland indicate that a healthy lifestyle is being popularized in the European Union country and conditions are being created for regular physical activity of the population, including older people.