Tatiana Skaliy

Background and Study Aim: the aim of the study was to experimentally prove the effectiveness of the developed method of therapeutic gymnastics for elderly women, taking into account age characteristics, physical fitness level, and functional state of the body. Material and Methods: the study involved 130 women aged 50–65 who regularly exercised at the Fitness Club (Astana, Kazakhstan) and were divided equally into a wellness group and a shaping group. The wellness group used a proprietary program of measured health-improving exercises, while the shaping group used standard shaping exercises. During the pedagogical experiment, which lasted one year, methods of anthropometry, functional testing, pedagogical observation, and statistical analysis were used. The assessment was based on indicators of physical development, functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, level of physical fitness, as well as the Orthostatic Tests, Genchi test, Stange Breath-Holding Test, Skibinsky Index, and Minute Ventilation indicators. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results. It was found that women in the wellness group showed significantly more pronounced positive changes compared to the shaping group. During the experiment, there was a 10.5% reduction in body weight, a 12.12% reduction in weight-to-height ratio, and an improvement in cardiovascular and respiratory function indicators. Resting systolic blood pressure decreased by 12.63%, resting diastolic blood pressure by 3.55%, and heart rate by 22.05%. Vital capacity (fact) increased significantly (by 4.27%) and vital capacity (relative) increased significantly (by 18.23%). Significant improvements in functional tests were noted: the Skibinsky Index increased by 99.04%, the Genchi test by 190.06%, and the Stange Breath-Holding Test by 68.43%. Significant changes were also observed in the physical fitness indicators of the wellness group: the increase in Abdominal and Leg Muscles Power-Endurance was 475.98%, Speed–Strength Endurance of Back and Arm Muscles – 219.26%, and Vestibular Stability – 235.18%. In the shaping group, such changes were much less pronounced. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the high effectiveness of the developed method of therapeutic gymnastics for elderly women. The comprehensive use of breathing, static, and dynamic exercises contributes to a significant improvement in functional status, increased adaptive capabilities, and a reduced risk of age-related functional disorders. The data obtained justify the feasibility of introducing the proposed methodology into mass sports practice within fitness clubs for elderly women.

Background and Study Aim. Wheelchair basketball is a leading tool for promoting social rehabilitation and integration for individuals with disabilities. This sport is characterized by high intensity and frequent changes in direction, requiring players not only to develop physical fitness but also to master specific technical skills for effectively handling a sports wheelchair during gameplay. The purpose of the study: to investigate the dynamics of basketball wheelchair handling skills under the influence of a set of preparatory exercises. Materials and Methods. Fourteen athletes representing various functional classes participated in the study on a voluntary basis and in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. A proprietary set of preparatory exercises was applied three times a week for eight weeks as part of a dedicated warm-up during the preparatory phase of the training session. The exercises were structured to gradually increase in difficulty, avoiding overload and adapting the load to the athletes' fitness level. Results. Changes in the T-test results over the course of the study indicate a statistically significant difference (t=2,63; p<0,05). Despite the relatively small improvement in the average time to complete the control exercise (from 25,16 s to 25,09 s), statistical significance indicates that the changes reflect a stable positive effect of the proposed preparatory exercise program. At the same time, an increase in the standard error at the end of the study (from ±1,63 to ±1,69) indicates a variable impact of the proposed program on players of different functional classes, which requires further research. Conclusions. The systematic use of preparatory exercises contributes to the development of wheelchair basketball technique, agility, movement precision, and functional autonomy in athletes. This approach not only improves performance but also reduces the risk of injury, enhances motivation, and expands opportunities for competitive participation. The acquired basic technical elements can be further integrated into ball-handling exercises, forming the foundation for comprehensive training programs for athletes of various functional classes.

Background and Study Aim. In the modern educational space, active forms of recreational and health activities are becoming increasingly important, promoting physical development, health promotion and the formation of a healthy lifestyle among student youth. Cycling tourism is one of the types of active tourism based on travel using a bicycle as the main means of transportation. It combines recreational, educational and sports aspects, promoting the harmonious development of the individual. This type of tourism has a number of specific features that determine its popularity, in particular among student youth. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of sports and recreational hiking with bicycles on the state of the cardiorespiratory system of Chinese students. Material and Methods. The study involved 12 male students from Boai County Vocational College, China (the average age of the study participants was 18.9±2.83 years). Students took part in a sports and recreational tourism hike with bicycles, which lasted 8 days from October 20 to October 27, 2024. The study involved monitoring the well-being and functional state of the cardiovascular system (in terms of heart rate) and respiratory system (in terms of vital capacity) of students while participating in a sports and recreational cycling trip. During the hike, heart rate and vital capacity of the lungs were measured every morning and evening (after completing the daily stage), and self-monitoring diaries were kept by each of the hike participants. Results. The analysis of the results of sports and recreational hike with bicycles showed a positive effect of physical activity on the functional state of students. It was found that in the first days of the hike there was a gradual increase in heart rate, which indicates adaptation to physical activity. After a day of rest, heart rate indicators stabilized, and vital capacity of the lungs tended to increase at the end of the hike, which indicates an improvement in the functional reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the participants. Thus, cycling tourist hike are an effective means of physical development and health improvement for young people, which confirms the need for their regular implementation in the practice of physical education. Conclusions. It has been established that the cycling sports and health hike has a positive effect on the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of students. In the first days of the hike, a gradual increase in heart rate was observed, which indicates the body's adaptation to physical exertion. After a day of rest, the heart rate indicators stabilized, and the vital capacity of the lungs (VC) had a tendency to increase at the end of the hike, which indicates an improvement in the functional reserves of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the participants.

Вступ. Баскетбол у Європі зазнав значних трансформацій від традиційного аматорського виду спорту до потужного комерційного сектору. З початку XX століття розвиток європейських баскетбольних ліг супроводжувався конкуренцією між FIBA та ULEB, що зумовило зміни в системі змагань та управлінських підходах. Проблематика дослідження пов’язана з необхідністю виявлення ключових етапів еволюції професійного баскетболу, аналізу чинників його комерціалізації та визначення сучасних тенденцій розвитку. Мета роботи – виявити сучасну структуру та зміст системи змагань європейського професійного баскетболу, їх трансформацію під впливом економічних, організаційних чинників. Методи. У дослідженні застосовано аналіз нормативних документів FIBA, ULEB та національних федерацій, статистичний аналіз фінансових звітів баскетбольних клубів, а також порівняльний метод для оцінки змін у форматах турнірів. Результати. Дослідження встановило, що Євроліга поступово перейшла від відкритої системи до моделі з гарантованими місцями для провідних клубів. Єврокубок, Ліга чемпіонів FIBA та Кубок Європи демонструють різні підходи до організації турнірів. Комерціалізація змагань супроводжується зростанням доходів від телевізійних прав і спонсорських контрактів, що сприяє підвищенню рівня конкуренції між клубами. Висновки. Європейський баскетбол розвивається в напрямі подальшої фінансової стабілізації та оптимізації системи змагань. Водночас зберігається конкуренція між FIBA та ULEB за контроль над європейськими лігами. Подальші дослідження мають зосередитися на аналізі впливу економічних чинників на функціонування клубів і стабільність спортивної системи.

Objectives. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive sports games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine. Materials and methods. A total of 341 individuals were involved in the study: 117 children (8-12 years old), 118 middle-aged people (35-60 years old), and 116 elderly people (60 years and older). The participants of the study were divided into two groups: those who took part in the Polish project “Academic Center of Sports and Health Games for Activation of People with Special Needs” (56 children, 65 adults, 73 elderly people), and those who took part in the Polish-Ukrainian project, which was conducted directly in Ukraine, “Ukrainian Center of Occupational Therapy through Adaptive Games” (61 children, 53 adults, 44 elderly people). All study participants were engaged in adaptive games (Cornhole, Jacollo, Elastik, Kulbutto, Boccia, Paka laka) for the first time. At the beginning and end of the event on adaptive games, a survey of participants was conducted. To determine the psycho-emotional state of children, the WAM method (well-being, activity, mood) was used, and the features of adults’ psychological state were assessed using the standard test AWAMW (anxiety, working capacity, activity, mood, well-being). Results. The analysis of the obtained study results revealed positive changes in the psycho-emotional state of different population groups in Poland and Ukraine under the influence of adaptive sports games. Furthermore, the adult population, including the elderly of Poland and Ukraine, demonstrated decreased anxiety levels and a significant enhancement in activity, mood and well-being due to engaging in adaptive sports games. Conclusions. This study emphasizes the potential of adaptive sports games to improve the mental health of different population groups. The findings also indicate the effectiveness of implementating projects for the introduction of adaptive games on the psycho-emotional state of different population groups both in Poland and Ukraine.

Purpose: to evaluate the impact of classes using adaptive games on the psychological rehabilitation of military personnel in a health care facility. Material and methods. The study involved 34 male military personnel who were undergoing rehabilitation in a health care facility after being wounded. The study involved determining the psychological state (using the standard TRANS test) and the speed of sensorimotor reactions (using the Visuomotor Choice Reaction and Reaction RMO Pro computer programs) of the military personnel undergoing rehabilitation at the beginning and end of the study. The study lasted three weeks, during which classes were held using adaptive games (Cornhole, Jacollo, Elastik, Kulbutto, Boccia, Paka laka). Classes were held three times a week, lasting 90 minutes each. Results. It has been established that classes using adaptive games have a positive effect on the level of psychological state and the manifestation of a simple sensorimotor reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation in a health care facility. According to the results of the study, it has been established that anxiety indicators have decreased, and indicators of performance, activity, mood and health have increased. In the course of determining the manifestation of a simple reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation, it has been established that the use of adaptive games has a positive effect on the speed and accuracy of the sensorimotor reaction. Conclusions. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the implementation of the project "Ukrainian Center for Occupational Therapy with Adaptive Games" under the program "RITA - Region in Transition" of the Foundation "Education for Democracy". Thanks to the activities carried out using adaptive games aimed at motor activity, fine motor skills and attention, the psycho-emotional state and sensorimotor reaction of military personnel undergoing rehabilitation have changed positively. The presented results indicate the positive impact of adaptive games on the psycho-emotional state and the general process of rehabilitation of military personnel. Therefore, it can be argued that adaptive games are a powerful means of psychological rehabilitation, as well as psycho-emotional and social adaptation.

Background and Study Aim. The World Health Organization has recognized that insufficient physical activity is a serious public health problem. A large number of studies are devoted to improving livelihoods and increasing life expectancy of the population through the formation of guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. Regular physical activity is one of the most important components of maintaining health and healthy aging. Many European countries already have well-developed social programs to support physical activity among older people. This includes the organization of sporting events, financial support for clubs for seniors, as well as infrastructure that promotes an active lifestyle (active parks, walking and cycling paths, a sufficient number of swimming pools, etc.). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of complex motor training on the morphofunctional and psycho-emotional state of elderly people from different countries of Europe and Asia. Material and Methods. The study involved 240 (30 men and 30 women each from Poland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine) elderly people (the average age of the study participants was 68.24±3.01 years). The groups were homogeneous in age, gender, social status, interests, level of physical fitness, functionality and motivation. The study participants followed a developed physical activity program for older people. Classes lasted a year, 3 times a week, lasting 60 minutes each. The program included theoretical and practical parts. Theoretical material concerned the benefits of physical activity, motor mode and dosage of exercise for older people. The practical part included the most common types of physical education and health activities among older people (swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism). The study involved assessing the morphofunctional state of older people by determining body mass indexes, functional changes and Robinsonal, as well as the Skibinsky and Rufier tests, and the assessment of well-being, activity and mood (WAM) was carried out using a questionnaire Results. During the study, we measured morphofunctional indicators and determined the psycho-emotional state of elderly people from Poland, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, who were engaged in a developed program using various types of physical activity, namely: swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the effectiveness of using a comprehensive physical activity program among older women and men from different countries of Europe and Asia. All participants showed positive changes in all indicators. Minor changes over the course of a year of training according to the developed program in the indicators of the morphofunctional and psycho-emotional state of elderly people from Poland indicate that a healthy lifestyle is being popularized in the European Union country and conditions are being created for regular physical activity of the population, including older people.

Physical activity has a very important impact on the well-being and health of older people. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life, reduces the risk of various diseases and slows down the aging process. The article is devoted to the motivation of older people to engage in physical activity. The purposeof the study is to determine the motivation for engaging in various types of physical activity among elderly people in Ukraine and Poland. Methods. The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Institute of Sports and Physical Culture of the University of Economics in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture (Ukraine). The experiment involved 120 (30 men and 30 women from Ukraine and Poland) elderly people (average age 66.12 ± 2.98 years). Results. As a result of the analysis of a survey of older people, the advantages in choosing various types of physical activity for men and women living in Poland and Ukraine were revealed. In the course of studying the motivation for physical activity among older people, it was revealed that the main motives are improving health, communicating with friends and maintaining physical fitness. Conclusions. It has been established that in Poland the most common types of physical activity among older people are swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism and cycling; in Ukraine, preference is given to the same types of physical activity other than cycling, which is due to the insufficiently developed infrastructure and technical support in Ukraine. The motives for engaging in physical activity among older people have been determined. Thus, the priorities turned out to be health-improving, recreational, communicative and preventive.

Purpose: evaluate the impact of the implementation of the project “Polish-Kazakh Regional Center for Training, Safety and Rescue” within the framework of the “RITA - Region in Transition” program on the level of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of medical care. Material and methods. The study involved 646 participants in the first aid training using the BLS algorithm based on the Non-Profit Joint Stock Company “K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University.” The study involved: determining the level of stress in the event of being in a situation where it is necessary to provide assistance to a person who has lost consciousness; assessment of the Basic Life Support (BLS) algorithm of actions; assessing the effectiveness of chest compressions on the Laerdal Little Anne QCPR manikin. Results. It was revealed that after completing the BLS training, the project participants’ stress level, if they find themselves in a situation where it is necessary to provide assistance to a person who has lost consciousness, has decreased significantly. Based on the results of testing the assessment of the BLS action algorithm, it was found that the level of knowledge and skills in providing first aid improved by 75,9%. It was found that the efficiency of pressing on the chest of the manikin improved by 53,3% after training. Positive changes in all indicators indicate that BLS training using the KISS (keep it short and simple) methodology is accessible, understandable and effective for all project participants. It was found that indicators of stress level, BLS action algorithm and QCPR effectiveness both at the beginning and at the end of the study have a correlation dependence. Reduced stress levels occur due to increased preparedness among participants and contributes to more effective care delivery. The reliable nature of the connections confirms the assumptions made and gives grounds to assert that the goal of the project has been achieved. Conclusions. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of the implementation of the project “Polish-Kazakh Regional Center for Training, Safety and Rescue”. Thanks to the events carried out, a large number of voters approved the formation of comprehensive competence to provide first aid in the case of Sudden Cardiac Arrest. As a result of the trainings, participants acquired practical skills in carrying out resuscitation measures, mastered the algorithm for providing assistance, and increased the level of confidence in their own theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This project proves that social activism and collaboration between scientists can be very effective and lead to systemic change. In Kazakhstan, where high rates of Sudden Cardiac Arrest are recorded, thanks to the implementation of international projects, a number of events and trainings have already been introduced, largely popularizing the ability to provide first aid, which will further influence the activities of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The results obtained allow us to recommend similar projects for implementation in other countries

Study purpose. The study purpose was to determine changes in indicators of special physical preparedness and speed of attacking strokes in badminton players aged 10–11 under the influence of specially selected exercises. Materials and methods. The study participants were young badminton players aged 10–11 (12 boys), whose sports experience was 2-3 years. The study lasted 3 months and included: testing of special physical preparedness and assessment and analysis of the speed of attacking attacking strokes of young badminton players. Results. Analysis of the results of the study showed positive changes in the results of special physical preparedness, accuracy and speed of attacking strokes. The complex development of the speed-strength abilities of young badminton players was determined by the exercises of throwing a ball weighing 1 kg, triple long jump and jumping rope. This was manifested in the execution of attacking strokes from the place and in jumping and moving, but there was a significant increase in results in the triple jump and jumping rope. The development of speed endurance determined the 4-point center-to-center movement exercise, but the results did not change significantly over the course of the study. Accuracy indicators of attacking strokes significantly increased by an average of 2,58%. The results of the speed of attacking strokes also had a significant increase by an average of 29.41%. The use of complexes for training the accuracy of attacking strokes along with targets with a gradual complication of exercises increased the results of test exercises for accuracy and speed of execution. The indicators of the speed of attacking strokes on the left and on the right correlate with each other. The accuracy results of the right hand strokes along the line significantly correlate with right hand strokes along the diagonal and the triple long jump from a place. This indicates the connection of speed-strength abilities with the performance of attacking strokes by young badminton players. Indicators of a triple long jump from a place, jumping rope for 1 min. and throwing a ball weighing 1 kg are significantly correlated with each other, which indicates the complex development of the speed-strength abilities of young badminton players. Conclusions. The presented complexes of special preparatory exercises had a positive effect on changes in the indicators of special physical preparedness, accuracy and speed of the attacking strokes, which makes it possible to recommend them to 10–11-year-old badminton players in the training process.