Fatima Lampreia Carvalho

A indústria de Viagens e Turismo (T&T) é altamente sensível a eventos extremos como pandemias (Price et al., 2022; OCDE, 2020). A pandemia de COVID-19 causou uma grave disrupção no setor, resultando em restrições de mobilidade e encerramentos (Chowdhury e Jomo, 2020). No entanto, também trouxe oportunidades para a inovação (Price et al., 2022). O impacto econômico no PIB de Portugal foi significativo, com a contribuição do setor de T&T caindo de 17,1% em 2019 para 8,7% em 2020, recuperando nos anos seguintes (WTTC, 2022). Dada a dependência do Algarve em relação ao turismo, este estudo destaca a necessidade de novas estratégias para superar os desafios (EURES, 2022). Esta investigação tem como objetivo analisar como empregadores e empregados da hotelaria (hotéis e restaurantes) no Algarve (sul de Portugal) perceberam as medidas adotadas pelo governo português para enfrentar a crise da COVID-19, utilizando um procedimento estatístico multivariado de Análise Tríplice de Dados, especificamente o método COSTATIS, o qual é considerado uma versão mais avançada ou especializada do STATIS, oferecendo maior flexibilidade e refinamento no tratamento de relações complexas entre dados. O procedimento estatístico sustenta a análise de 27 tipos de percepções sobre a crise pandêmica, coletadas de respondentes distribuídos em quatro categorias profissionais da hotelaria (gerentes e funcionários de restaurantes e hotéis). As conclusões indicam que pertencer a uma determinada categoria profissional dentro da indústria hoteleira tende a influenciar as ideias sobre a capacidade de enfrentamento e resiliência diante de desafios organizacionais. Membros de diferentes categorias profissionais percebem a crise de formas distintas, conforme seu status e posição hierárquica nas organizações. Maior atenção deve ser dada ao que os profissionais de status mais baixo têm a dizer sobre o clima organizacional em possíveis crises futuras.

This work results from an internship of two months at a new company of digital media, to evaluate its ‘maturity' in terms of social media performance. For pursuing this objective, it is compared with its main competitors in the area as a panel of experts. Two methods of analysis addressed two main research issues: I1) which key performance indicators are mostly used in a sample of main firms in the area in Portugal; and I2) which new strategies came from their assessment in those firms? In the period considered, the company revealed a more adaptive strategy, missing some key indicators in the area. Its efforts may not be being directed at the greatest potential of social media. It can improve the performance of its social media by monitoring engagement what helps to preserve its reputation and give followers the answers they really want. A common aspect in the compared companies is the absence of outsourcing to digital influencers. However, this practice is growing because, with the demand and speed of response currently required, in-house digital marketing lacks the resources.

This work analyzes academic work from 2004 to 2020 with an influence on the blueprint for sustainable tourism innovation strategies. Criteria used include verifying which are the main concerns, the contribution of sustainability indices, and implications to practitioners and high educational institutions in the area. This is increasingly important due to present and future challenges undermining the existence of a sustainable tourism industry. Accurate metrics can empower destinations, and higher education and its inner research must have a key role in the development of effective instruments. The challenge comprises selecting and monitoring them for sustainable tourism policy. Educational and research institutes with tourism studies should include in their syllabuses real cases and tools for developing key sustainability models and metrics to integrate and respond more promptly to critical challenges and trends.

This work intends to verify if there is academic research that proposes innovative strategies for sustainable tourism. It analyses 70 valid documents including theses, dissertations, scientific papers, and reports. Main objectives to explore are which themes stand out most; the difference between academic production in Portugal and Brazil; and how the topics of sustainability, environment, governance, planning, and regulation relate to tourism. A software for qualitative analysis is used to enrich the discussion around sustainable tourism discerning preferential governance strategies. Few works use sustainability indexes, and, if used, most of them are descriptive. For real sustainable tourism, its governance has to be based on appropriate indicators. Measures can empower destinations, providing the information needed to decide accurate and creatively. A challenge for the Portuguese academy on tourism and hospitality is to have an ongoing role in implementing key indicators and in their validation and monitoring.

This article presents a cartography of the field of research in adult learning and education (ALE) via a comparative study of academic production at doctoral level in Spain and Portugal based on a systematic documentary analysis of the summaries of doctoral theses concluded between 2006 and 2018. The aim is to advance the state of the art of research on ALE in recent doctoral theses in both Countries and highlight trends of contemporary knowledge construction in the field of continuing education of adults. Two analytical strategies are applied: i) a characterisation of the doctoral theses’ abstracts by a constructed grid with general and specific categories; and ii) a quantitative strategy of identifying frequencies in the grid for 18 keywords, 6 frameworks and paradigms and 12 associated to concepts. The mapping of priorities and absences in doctoral research at Higher Education Institutions (HEI) demonstrate that in Spain, there is a tendency to present the role of ALE closely related to assisting individuals and groups to adapt to the educational system, to society and to labour demands. In Portugal an unresolved tension between the adaptation of adults to society through ALE and the conscientization of adults by ALE to transform society remains.

This chapter examines a 30-year collection of tourism destination image (TDI) components and scale attributes sourced from tourism and hospitality studies to assess the scientific field at hand. From the 1990s, it was clear that cognitive, affective, and overall (holistic) images were involved in destination image formation. Cognitive psychology is crucial to explain tourists´ behaviour, but tourism studies are not simply a branch of cognitive psychology. This study taps into the multidisciplinary character of destination image. At stake are propositions and theories applicable in tourism such as the theory of self-congruity, self-concept, brand signal theory, destination source credibility, novelty seeking theory, and brand equity theory. The intention of the present chapter is to map its theoretical ground and underlying hypotheses by means of a systematic literature review and point out sub-studied dimensions of TDI.

This chapter compares several academic works in order to analyse if they use innovative approaches for sustainable tourism. It analyses 70 stable documents including theses, scientific papers, and reports. Some goals are assess the themes that most stand out, the contribution of academic research to the subject, and how the issues of sustainability governance and planning relate to tourism. This contributes to approach the relationship between tourism and sustainability for development. The qualitative analysis used could discern the maturity level of research on sustainability indexes. Few works use them, and, if used, most are more descriptive than quantitative. But the ones that use them have acknowledged their importance and resulting enhanced strategies, as they provide the data to decide accurately on environmental and destination matters. A challenge for the Portuguese academy is to have an ongoing role in implementing and monitoring key sustainability indices.

This chapter conceptualises the notion of overtourism by providing a systematic literature review mapping the existing research knowledge. The mapping exercise benefits from textual data from academic articles on overtourism. The study focuses on measures to counteract overtourism from a marketing perspective. Since tourism is about customers' experiences, understanding overtourism and its aspects is crucial at a time the market growth calls for measures to control this phenomenon. Using online databases and NVIVO 12 software, 66 articles were selected for bibliographic content analysis. Findings highlight the need to work the concept of overtourism in a holistic approach encompassing five dimensions: social, political & governance, marketing & customer experience, economic, and environmental. Results permitted to identify other dimensions; overtourism, symbolic, ethical-moral, cultural. Managing overtourism is challenging because whereas tourism is about customers' experiences, for policy makers overtourism encompasses strategies with collective effects.