Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah

Background: Bali cattle are the backbone of smallholder beef production in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, yet their reproductive efficiency is constrained by long dry seasons, poor-quality forage and postpartum uterine disease. Objective: This review synthesises published evidence on two linked interventions: probiotic-based feed processing and the management of endometritis in Bali cattle under Kupang conditions. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using Indonesian and international journals, proceedings and theses indexed in Garuda, DOAJ, PubMed Central and university repositories. Sources were screened for relevance to Bali cattle, dryland NTT production systems and bovine endometritis, and findings were synthesised qualitatively. Results: Probiotic fermentation of local fibrous feeds (kume grass, rice straw, crop residues) consistently raised crude protein and lowered crude fibre. In a Kupang feeding trial, hydrolysed kume hay with probiotic additives raised daily gain from 0.38 to 0.70 kg/head. Field data from Kupang Regency show a pregnancy rate of only 45%; reproductive disorders affected 58% of Bali cows in a large field survey, and endometritis accounted for about 8% of disorder cases in another. Standard therapy relies on intrauterine antibiotics, povidone-iodine or Lugol's solution, and PGF2α, while lactic acid bacteria (LAB) given intravaginally or intrauterine are an emerging, antibiotic-sparing option. Conclusion: Combining probiotic-fermented dry-season feed with early postpartum examination and PGF2α-based endometritis therapy is the most practical path to shorter calving intervals in Kupang. Controlled trials of probiotics and uterine LAB in Bali cows are still lacking.

Background and Aim: Quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) derived from Dendrophthoe pentandra growing on Lansium domesticum have potential endothelial-protective and vascular restorative properties, but their therapeutic application may be constrained by limited flavonoid bioavailability. Nanoparticle formulation may improve their delivery and biological activity. This study evaluated the effects of intramuscular nanoparticle-formulated QLCs on clinical and structural recovery following experimentally modified ischemic-limb compression in rabbits and estimated their pharmacokinetic withdrawal period. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult male rabbits were allocated to four groups (n = 5/group). Macro-level tissue compression was induced by external circumferential stainless-steel ligation of the right trochanteric region for 2 weeks. Following ligature removal, the positive control group (Group A) received dexamethasone (2 mg/kg body weight), the negative control group (Group B) received sterile water, and two groups received nanoparticle-formulated QLCs (50 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly twice daily for 5 days. One QLC-treated group (Group C) was dedicated to pharmacokinetic profiling and withdrawal time estimation using high-performance liquid chromatography, whereas the second QLC-treated group (Group D) was evaluated for post-treatment clinical recovery (lameness, swelling, and nerve reflexes) and vascular histopathology. Group comparisons were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results: Nanoparticle-formulated QLCs promoted greater clinical recovery at 5 days post-treatment compared with dexamethasone and sterile water. QLC-treated rabbits exhibited reduced lameness and swelling alongside greater histopathological vessel-lumen patency (p < 0.05). Histopathological observations confirmed better preservation of endothelial architecture and reduced structural luminal collapse in QLC-treated tissues compared to control groups; however, functional restoration of blood flow was not directly quantified. Pharmacokinetic analysis supported an estimated withdrawal interval of approximately 9–10 days. The observed vascular effects were consistent with the proposed endothelial-protective and vasodilatory actions of the QLC formulation. Conclusion: Intramuscular nanoparticle-formulated QLCs from D. pentandra promoted functional and structural microvascular recovery following experimentally induced venous constriction in rabbits and performed favorably relative to dexamethasone in the measured outcomes. The estimated 9–10-day withdrawal interval provides preliminary information relevant to residue management. These findings support further investigation of nanoparticle-formulated QLCs as a plant-derived candidate for veterinary vascular repair; however, larger studies incorporating quantitative vascular perfusion measurements and comprehensive safety assessments are required before clinical application. Keywords: Dendrophthoe pentandra, endothelial protection, Health and Well-Being, nanoparticle formulation, quercetin-like compounds, rabbit model, vascular recovery, venous constriction, withdrawal period.

Community education on animal source food processing requires evaluation methods that can distinguish learning from high initial performance. This study described changes in recorded pretest and posttest scores from a community program in Abar Abir village, Bungah district, Gresik regency, Indonesia. A secondary analysis linked scores within a register for an activity dated 3 October 2026. Attendance and score completeness were summarized for all 40 registered participants; paired analyses included 29 participants with both scores. Missing entries were retained as missing, and a recorded zero was preserved. Descriptive statistics and an exploratory exact two-sided sign test were used. Mean scores increased from 95.86 ± 18.62 to 97.24 ± 14.86, a mean change of 1.38 ± 4.41 points. Three participants improved, 26 were unchanged, and none declined. Twenty-six participants (89.7%) already scored 100 at baseline. Among the three non-zero changes, the exact sign-test p value was 0.250. Five participants had pretest scores only, one had a posttest score only, and five had neither. The small observed increase was concentrated in three participants and occurred alongside a marked ceiling pattern. These records do not establish causal effectiveness, practical competence, or economic benefit. Future evaluations should document the assessment instrument, improve score completeness, assess practical food handling performance, and include follow-up measurements. These findings inform efforts to strengthen community learning assessment in support of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education).

Background and Aim: Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola gigantica remains a major parasitic disease affecting ruminant livestock, leading to substantial economic losses through decreased productivity, liver condemnation, and mortality, while also posing a zoonotic threat. The prolonged and indiscriminate use of synthetic anthelmintics has contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant parasite populations, emphasizing the urgent need for alternative and sustainable control strategies. Medicinal plants rich in bioactive phytochemicals have gained attention as potential natural anthelmintic agents. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains tannins and catechins with antiparasitic properties, whereas turmeric (Curcuma longa) is rich in curcuminoids known to disrupt parasite metabolism and structural integrity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the combined ovicidal and anthelmintic activities of ethanolic extracts of green tea and turmeric against F. gigantica under in vitro conditions. Materials and Methods: Adult worms and eggs of F. gigantica were collected from naturally infected cattle. Six treatment groups were established, including physiological saline as the negative control, nitroxynil 10% as the positive control, and four combinations of green tea and turmeric extracts at different concentrations. Ovicidal activity was evaluated based on egg degeneration after 16 days of incubation, whereas adulticidal activity was assessed through worm mortality at multiple exposure times. Histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining and ultrastructural evaluation using scanning electron microscopy were performed to identify tissue and tegumental alterations. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: The combined extracts demonstrated concentration- and time-dependent ovicidal and anthelmintic activities against F. gigantica. The highest extract concentration produced the greatest percentage of egg degeneration, characterized by eggshell rupture, membrane damage, abnormal morphology, and failure of embryonic development. Adult worm mortality increased progressively with exposure time, and complete mortality was observed at prolonged exposure periods in all extract-treated groups. Histopathological and ultrastructural analyses revealed marked tegumental disruption, spine deformation, erosion of the oral and ventral suckers, rupture of the intestinal lumen, and surface exfoliation in treated worms. Although nitroxynil induced more rapid effects, the combined extracts exhibited substantial antiparasitic activity at higher concentrations and longer exposure times. Conclusion: Combined ethanolic extracts of green tea and turmeric exhibited significant ovicidal and anthelmintic activities against F. gigantica under in vitro conditions. The findings suggest that these plant-derived extracts may serve as promising natural alternatives for controlling fasciolosis and warrant further phytochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation to confirm their efficacy, safety, and practical applicability in livestock systems. Keywords: anthelmintic activity, Camellia sinensis, Curcuma longa, Fasciola gigantica, fasciolosis, medicinal plants, ovicidal activity, phytochemicals.

Background and Aim: In vitro maturation (IVM) is an essential assisted reproductive technology that improves oocyte competence and supports the conservation and utilization of valuable livestock genetic resources. The Kacang goat is an indigenous Indonesian breed with important economic and genetic significance. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has been reported to regulate oocyte maturation through multiple intracellular signaling pathways; however, its molecular effects on maturation-associated genes in Kacang goat oocytes remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated the influence of IGF-1 supplementation during IVM on the expression of Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (HRas), Cell division cycle 25 phosphatase (Cdc25), and insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), which are associated with meiotic progression and metabolic signaling. Materials and Methods: Cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected from Kacang goat ovaries and cultured under IVM conditions either without supplementation (control) or with 100 ng/mL IGF-1. Relative expression of HRas and Cdc25 was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while IRS-2 protein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests, and correlations among molecular markers were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: IGF-1 supplementation significantly increased the expression of both HRas and Cdc25 compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of HRas increased approximately 2.03-fold, whereas Cdc25 expression increased 1.62-fold following IGF-1 treatment. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated significantly greater IRS-2 protein expression in IGF-1-treated oocytes than in controls (p < 0.05). Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed among HRas, Cdc25, and IRS-2 expression levels, with the strongest association detected between HRas and Cdc25 (r = 0.85). These findings indicate coordinated activation of signaling pathways involved in meiotic regulation and cellular metabolism during oocyte maturation. Conclusion: Supplementation of IVM medium with 100 ng/mL IGF-1 enhanced the expression of HRas, Cdc25, and IRS-2 in Kacang goat oocytes, suggesting activation of molecular pathways associated with meiotic resumption and metabolic regulation. These findings provide mechanistic insights into IGF-1-mediated signaling during oocyte maturation and may help optimize IVM systems for indigenous goat breeds. Nevertheless, further studies evaluating nuclear maturation, fertilization, and embryo developmental competence are required to confirm the functional significance of these molecular responses. Keywords: insulin-like growth factor 1, IRS-2, signal transduction, sustainable livestock production, zero hunger.

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global health concern affecting humans, animals, and the environment. The increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria threatens the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy and poses serious public health risks. This review aims to describe the occurrence and distribution of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli across humans, animals, wildlife, and environmental sources using a One Health perspective. A literature review approach was conducted by collecting scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 from international and national databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on relevance to antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli within human, animal, and environmental contexts. The reviewed studies indicate that Escherichia coli isolates frequently show resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. Multidrug resistant strains and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria have been reported in clinical samples, livestock, companion animals, wildlife, and environmental samples including wastewater and river water. These findings highlight the interconnected nature of antimicrobial resistance transmission between humans, animals, and the environment. Integrated surveillance and responsible antibiotic use are essential to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the One Health approach

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major cause of colibacillosis in broiler chickens, leading to systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, disrupted lipid metabolism, and compromised meat quality. Growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance necessitate the development of sustainable alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Myrmecodia sp., a medicinal plant rich in bioactive flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, has demonstrated antibacterial and antioxidant properties. However, limited information is available on the comparative effects of different preparation forms on organ function and lipid metabolism under APEC challenge conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Myrmecodia sp. extract and infusion on liver and kidney biomarkers, serum lipid profile, and meat lipid composition in APEC-infected broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 male Lohmann MB 202 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven groups: negative control, positive APEC-infected control, antibiotic control (zinc bacitracin), two extract treatments (15% and 30%), and two infusion treatments (1% and 2%). Treatments were administered from day 8 to day 35, and APEC infection was induced orally on day 21. Measured parameters included serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and meat LDL and HDL. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05). Results: APEC infection significantly increased SGPT, SGOT, BUN, creatinine, and LDL levels while decreasing HDL levels (p < 0.05). Supplementation with Myrmecodia sp. extract and infusion significantly improved all evaluated parameters compared with the positive control (p < 0.05). Among treatments, the 1% infusion consistently produced the most favorable effects, including reduced liver enzyme activity, improved renal function, decreased LDL levels, and increased HDL levels in both serum and meat. Conclusion: Myrmecodia sp., particularly in infusion form, demonstrated protective effects on organ function and lipid metabolism in broilers infected with APEC. These findings support its potential as a phytogenic alternative to antibiotics in sustainable poultry production systems within a One Health framework. Keywords: APEC, broiler chickens, lipid metabolism, Myrmecodia sp., organ biomarkers, phytogenic additive, sustainable poultry production, One Health.

Background: Exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) light plays a key role in photoaging through increased oxidative stress, activation of inflammatory pathways, and increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which causes dermal collagen degradation. Young coconut water contains various bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity that have the potential to protect the skin from UVB-induced damage. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effect of oral administration of young coconut water on MMP-1 levels and collagen fiber thickness in male Wistar rats exposed to UVB light. Methods: A purely experimental study with a post-test only control group design was conducted on 24 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: healthy controls (K1), UVB exposure (K2), UVB + young coconut water 4 mL/200 g BW/day (K3), and UVB + young coconut water 8 mL/200 g BW/day (K4). UVB exposure was given for 15 days at a cumulative dose of 800 mJ/cm². MMP-1 levels were measured using an ELISA method, while collagen fiber thickness was analyzed using Masson\'s Trichrome staining. Results: UVB exposure significantly increased MMP-1 levels and decreased collagen fiber thickness (p = 0.001). Oral administration of young coconut water significantly reduced MMP-1 levels and increased collagen fiber thickness compared to the untreated UVB group, with the most optimal effect at a dose of 4 mL/200 g body weight/day. Conclusion: Young coconut water has potential as a natural antioxidant agent that can inhibit the increase in MMP-1 and maintain collagen fiber thickness in the skin caused by UVB exposure, thus potentially being used in the prevention of photoaging.

Background: Cigarettes are tobacco products processed with or without additives and are known to contain addictive substances that pose serious health risks to individuals and the public. Inhaled cigarette smoke directly stimulates the activation of macrophage cells in the respiratory tract. Among the affected cells, type II alveolar cells which produce pulmonary surfactant to reduce alveolar surface tension are particularly vulnerable to smoke-induced damage. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor exposure on the number of alveolar macrophages and type II alveolar cells in male mice (Mus musculus). Method: A total of 28 male mice were randomly divided into seven groups. The control group (C) was exposed to ambient air only. Groups A1, A2, and A3 were exposed to 1, 2, and 3 conventional cigarettes per day, respectively, while groups B1, B2, and B3 were exposed to 0.7 mL, 1.3 mL, and 2 mL of e-liquid vapor per day, respectively. All exposures were conducted for 36 consecutive days. Results: A significant difference (pConclusion: Both conventional cigarette smoke and e-cigarette vapor increase alveolar macrophage counts and reduce type II alveolar cell numbers compared to controls. Although both exposures pose health risks, e-cigarette vapor appears to cause milder pulmonary effects than conventional cigarette smoke.

Pendem Village, Ngariboyo District, Magetan Regency is one of the villages that has the potential for cattle farming. However, cattle breeders in Pendem Village have problems, namely the high incidence of repeated mating in females mated through artificial insemination (AI) and the lack of availability of animal feed in the dry season. The solutions offered in this activity are (1) increasing the knowledge of BUMDes Tirto Mulyo Pendem cattle breeders about cattle reproductive disorders and (2) processing agricultural waste as animal feed in Pendem Village. The output target to be achieved is to increase the understanding of breeders regarding the reproduction of beef cattle and how to process it by making haylage and fermenting agricultural waste. The method used to achieve these output targets is through 2 stages, namely counseling and training. Based on the results of the pre- and post-test, it shows that there is an increase in the knowledge and abilities of breeders related to reproduction and processing of feed derived from agricultural waste, detection of estrus in female cattle, reporting on reproductive health disorders in cattle, causes and symptoms of reproductive disorders in female cattle, the importance of vaccination and animal health programs, cleanliness of pens, cleanliness of individual cattle and fermentation of feed shows an increase in participants who are very knowledgeable from around 0% - 15% to around 4% - 20.7%, it is expected to support the productivity of beef cattle in Pendem Village.