Sri Rahayu

Pengolahan Sampah Dapur di Lapas Narkotika Kelas II A Nusakambangan Menjadi Pupuk Organik Cair Untuk Mendukung Keberlanjutan Pangan

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and fermented concentrate feed on protein consumption and nitrogen retention in sheep. The experiment utilized 18 male local sheep, aged 7–8 months, with an average body weight of 19.44±2.37 kg. The animals were fed a diet consisting of ammoniated rice straw (25%) and concentrate (75%). The study employed an in vivo experimental approach using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with initial body weight as the blocking factor and six replicates per treatment group. The treatments were as follows: P1= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%); P2= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%) + sodium bicarbonate; and P3= ammoniated rice straw (25%) + concentrate (75%) fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3%) + sodium bicarbonate. The measured variables were protein consumption and nitrogen retention. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The mean protein consumption was 129.58±10.84 g/head/day (P1), 127.38±15.46 g/head/day (P2), and 161.11±5.32 g/head/day (P3). The mean nitrogen retention was 84.51±5.50 g/head/day (P1), 83.65±7.59 g/head/day (P2), and 117.16±12.46 g/head/day (P3). HSD analysis revealed that the combination of sodium bicarbonate and fermented concentrate feed (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) resulted in the highest protein consumption and nitrogen retention, with increases of 24.33% and 38.64%, respectively, compared to other treatments.

Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh interaksi taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) dan rasio jerami padi amoniasi dan konsentrat terhadap efisiensi metabolisme rumen dan total protozoa rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama adalah imbangan bahan kering (BK), jerami padi amoniasi (JPA) dan konsentrat yaitu 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), dan 65:35 (R3). Faktor kedua adalah taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru yaitu 0 ppm (E0), 200 ppm (E1), dan 400 ppm (E2). Variabel yang diamati adalah total protozoa dan produk fermentasi rumen yaitu sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, gas metan, rasio Asetat/Propionat (A/P), dan efisiensi konversi glukosa menjadi VFA (EVFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi (P0,05) antara rasio JAP: konsentrat dan taraf ekstrak etanol daun waru terhadap N-NH3, total VFA, asam asetat, asam propionat, asam butirat, rasio A/P, dan (EVFA). Rasio JAP: konsentrat R2 menghasilkan EVFA dan SPM lebih tinggi (P0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan R1 dan R3, akan tetapi metan dan protozoa lebih rendah (P0,05). Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru sampai 400 ppm meningkatkan secara liner (P0,05) EVFA, SPM, dan propionate, akan tetapi menurunkan rasio A/P, gas metan, total protozoa, dan asetat. Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru pada taraf 400 ppm dan rasio JAP: konsentrat 55:45% BK dapat meningkatkan efisiensi metabolisme rumen. (Rumen metabolism efficiency of rice straw ammoniation and concentrate based diet supplemented with Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf extract in vitro) ABSTRAK. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the interaction between the level of supplementation of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and the ratio of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate on rumen metabolism efficiency and total rumen protozoa in vitro. The research was carried out experimentally designed using a 3 x 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the dry matter (DM) ratio of ammoniated rice straw (ARS) and the concentrates were 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), and 65:35 (R3). The second factor was the supplementation level of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves of 0, 200, and 400 ppm for E0, E1, and E2, respectively. The variables measured were total protozoa and rumen fermentation products, namely microbial protein synthesis (MSP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, methane gas, acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio, and efficiency of glucose conversion to VFA (EVFA). The results showed that there was no interaction (P 0.05) between the ratio of ARS:concentrate and the ethanol extract level of waru leaves on N-NH3, total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, A/P ratio, and (EVFA). The ratio of ARS: concentrate on R2 resulted in higher EVFA and SPM (P0.05) compared to R1 and R3, but lower methane and protozoa (P0.05). Supplementation of waru leaf ethanol extract up to 400 ppm increased linearly (P0.05) EVFA, SPM, and propionate, but decreased A/P ratio, methane gas, total protozoa, and acetate. Supplementation of the ethanolic extracts of waru leaves at the level of 400 ppm and the ratio of ARS:concentrate is 55: 45% increase the efficiency of rumen metabolism.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of different local cattle breeds on energy metabolism and performance fed on rice straw basal diet. Fourty local male cattle (2.5 years; initial BW 300.30±0.68) of Madura cattle (M), Sumba Ongole cattle (SO), Bali cattle (B), and Bali Timor cattle (BT) were used in this study, where types of local breed were used as treatments (10 animals/treatment). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with cattle's initial body weight as a group. The cattle were fed on rice straw ad libitum and concentrate 2.5% BW (DM 86.53%). The variables measured were energy intake (EI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metaboloizable energy intake (MEI), energy retention (RE), RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, the efficiency of hexose conversion to VFA (ECH) and the average daily body weight gain (ADG). The results showed that the different breeds of local cattle had a significant effect (P0.05) on EI, DEI, MEI, RE, RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, and ECH, but had no significant effect on ADG (P0.05). M has the highest EI, DEI, MEI, and RE 139.52 MJ/day, 99.69 MJ/day, 65.84 MJ/day, and 98.45 MJ/day, respectively, but the highest RE to EI ratio at B, while for the best RE to DE ratio, C2/C3 ratio, ECH, and ADG, at SO were 99.24%, 28.85, 74.97%, and 1.24 kg, respectively. It can be concluded that the best local cattle in terms of performance and feed energy efficiency are Sumba Ongole cattle.