Muhamad Bata

This study evaluated the effects of waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) leaf meal (WLM) and bamboo (Gigantochloa apus) leaf meal (BLM) supplementation on energy metabolism and performance of local sheep fed on ammoniated rice straw and concentrate. Sixteen male local sheep aged 12–18 months with initial average body weight of 27.1 ± 2.11 kg (7.78% coefficient of variation) were completely randomized according to a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to receive one of the following treatments: T0 (ammoniated rice straw + concentrate feed); T1 (T0 + 2.49 g WLM); T2 (T0 + 1.87 g WLM + 0.33 g BLM); and T3 (T0 + 1.25 g WLM + 0.65 g BLM). The concentrate was provided at 3% of live weight, and ammoniated rice straw was available on a controlled ad libitum. Analysis of variance indicated that WLM and BLM supplementation significantly increased digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), energy retention (ER), ER to EI efficiency, ER to DE efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), and consumption rate (CR), while significantly decreasing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P0.05) on dry matter intake (DMI) and energy intake (EI). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 1.87 g of WLM and 0.33 g of BLM per kg concentrate was more effective than the other combinations in improving energy metabolism and performance of local sheep.

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan oleh tim dosen Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman di Kecamatan Kalibening Kabupaten Banjarnegara melalui Program Integrasi Peternakan pertanian pada Dataran Tinggi. Kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu The Development of Integrated Farming System in Upland Areas (UPLAND) Project tahun 2023. Program UPLAND berfokus pada pengolahan limbah peternakan kambing menjadi pupuk organik cair yang dimanfaatkan untuk peningkatan pendapatan petani. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai guna dari limbah urine kambing menjadi produk ekonomis tinggi. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan secara terprogram dimulai dari sosialisasi, praktik pembuatan biourine dan evaluasi kegiatan. Metode yang dilakukan adalah sosialisasi dan demontrasi praktik langsung. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukan bahwa ketertarikan peserta terhadap inoviasi yang disampaikan sebesar 100% dan sebanyak 76,67% peserta berminat untuk mengadopsi teknologi biourine yang disampaikan dalam program. Peningkatan keterampilan peternak setelah melaksanakan pelatihan ini adalah 46% % meningkat menjadi 78%. Berdasarkan kajian di atas maka disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan pembuatan biourine pada di Kelompok Tani Lancar Makmur diminati oleh peserta dan dapat dipahami oleh anggota kelompok tani dengan indikator minat dan peningkatan pengetahuan yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: Upland, peternakan kambing, biourine, keterampilan peternak

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of chicken claw-derived bioactive peptides on performance, carcass weight, total intestinal bacteria, and feed dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) digestibility of broilers. A completely randomized design and five repetitions were applied in this experiment. The research material consisted of 200 DOC strain CP-707 grown up to 35 days of age, and the biopeptide was produced by hydrolyzing chicken claws protein with a commercial papain enzyme. Bioactive peptides were added to feed treatments in amounts of 0, 2, 4, and 6%. The differences between treatments were tested using the honestly significant difference test. The addition of chicken claws biopeptides had a significant influence (P<0.01) on OMD and carcass weight, as well as a significant effect (P<0.05) on body weight gain, feed efficiency, DMD and total bacteria. Addition of chicken claws-derived peptides in rations up to 6% enhanced body weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass weight, DMD, OMD, and total intestinal bacteria in broiler chickens. Keywords: Biopeptides, Chicken, Claw, Digestibility, Carcass quality.

Optimizing the use of agro-industrial waste as an alternative feed ingredient for sheep requires the right strategy. The use of feed additives and supplements is needed to improve the performance of sheep in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. The use of hibiscus flour as a source of saponins is important to optimize rumen microbial growth by suppressing the growth of protozoa. The addition of urea is used to supply nitrogen sources to optimize the performance of rumen microbes. This study used 15 thin tail sheep aged 8 months with an average weight of 13.98 ± 1.1 kg, the experimental design used was CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with 3 types of treatment and 5 times repetition, namely R1 (control / without supplementation), R2 (supplementation of 0.1 % hibiscus flower and Urea 0.5%), R3 (supplementation of 0.2% hibiscus flower and 1% Urea). The objective of this research was to measure feed consumption and growth dynamics. The results showed that the addition of hibiscus flour and urea to the feed formula had no significant effect on the feed consumption of sheep. The growth dynamics of sheep showed a decrease in the first week of the trial, and gradually showed an increase in the second week. The highest growth increase was achieved in R3 treatment at 6 weeks of the feeding trial. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that sheep fed with 0.2% hibiscus flour supplementation and 1% Urea (R3) showed the best ability in utilizing agro-industrial waste-based feed. Keywords: Feed consumption, Growth Dynamic, Sheep, Agroindustrial waste, Supplementation

This study aimed to determine the nutrient content and rumen fermentation product in-vitro of rice straw from rice of the IR variety fertilized using organic and inorganic fertilization. This research used experimental methods. This study examined two paddy fields located in Datar Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas. Land A used inorganic fertilizer (urea and phonska) and Land B used organic fertilizer from cattle dung. Both of those lands were planted with IR variety rice. Samples were 20 points on each land obtained by random sampling so that all parts of the field were represented. All samples were dried in the oven at 600C. Variables measured were nutrient contents such as crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and rumen fermentation product in-vitro of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3 ). Statistical analysis used t-test. Result showed that CP and CF contents and rumen fermentation products of VFA of rice straw from organic fertilizer were higher (P0.05) in the rumen fermentation product of N-NH3 between organic and inorganic fertilizer. It can be concluded that rice straw quality from IR variety rice can be improved through organic fertilization. Keywords: organic, fertilizer, rumen, nutrient, rice straw

Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh interaksi taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) dan rasio jerami padi amoniasi dan konsentrat terhadap efisiensi metabolisme rumen dan total protozoa rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama adalah imbangan bahan kering (BK), jerami padi amoniasi (JPA) dan konsentrat yaitu 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), dan 65:35 (R3). Faktor kedua adalah taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru yaitu 0 ppm (E0), 200 ppm (E1), dan 400 ppm (E2). Variabel yang diamati adalah total protozoa dan produk fermentasi rumen yaitu sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, gas metan, rasio Asetat/Propionat (A/P), dan efisiensi konversi glukosa menjadi VFA (EVFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi (P0,05) antara rasio JAP: konsentrat dan taraf ekstrak etanol daun waru terhadap N-NH3, total VFA, asam asetat, asam propionat, asam butirat, rasio A/P, dan (EVFA). Rasio JAP: konsentrat R2 menghasilkan EVFA dan SPM lebih tinggi (P0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan R1 dan R3, akan tetapi metan dan protozoa lebih rendah (P0,05). Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru sampai 400 ppm meningkatkan secara liner (P0,05) EVFA, SPM, dan propionate, akan tetapi menurunkan rasio A/P, gas metan, total protozoa, dan asetat. Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru pada taraf 400 ppm dan rasio JAP: konsentrat 55:45% BK dapat meningkatkan efisiensi metabolisme rumen. (Rumen metabolism efficiency of rice straw ammoniation and concentrate based diet supplemented with Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf extract in vitro) ABSTRAK. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the interaction between the level of supplementation of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and the ratio of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate on rumen metabolism efficiency and total rumen protozoa in vitro. The research was carried out experimentally designed using a 3 x 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the dry matter (DM) ratio of ammoniated rice straw (ARS) and the concentrates were 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), and 65:35 (R3). The second factor was the supplementation level of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves of 0, 200, and 400 ppm for E0, E1, and E2, respectively. The variables measured were total protozoa and rumen fermentation products, namely microbial protein synthesis (MSP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, methane gas, acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio, and efficiency of glucose conversion to VFA (EVFA). The results showed that there was no interaction (P 0.05) between the ratio of ARS:concentrate and the ethanol extract level of waru leaves on N-NH3, total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, A/P ratio, and (EVFA). The ratio of ARS: concentrate on R2 resulted in higher EVFA and SPM (P0.05) compared to R1 and R3, but lower methane and protozoa (P0.05). Supplementation of waru leaf ethanol extract up to 400 ppm increased linearly (P0.05) EVFA, SPM, and propionate, but decreased A/P ratio, methane gas, total protozoa, and acetate. Supplementation of the ethanolic extracts of waru leaves at the level of 400 ppm and the ratio of ARS:concentrate is 55: 45% increase the efficiency of rumen metabolism.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of different local cattle breeds on energy metabolism and performance fed on rice straw basal diet. Fourty local male cattle (2.5 years; initial BW 300.30±0.68) of Madura cattle (M), Sumba Ongole cattle (SO), Bali cattle (B), and Bali Timor cattle (BT) were used in this study, where types of local breed were used as treatments (10 animals/treatment). The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with cattle's initial body weight as a group. The cattle were fed on rice straw ad libitum and concentrate 2.5% BW (DM 86.53%). The variables measured were energy intake (EI), digestible energy intake (DEI), metaboloizable energy intake (MEI), energy retention (RE), RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, the efficiency of hexose conversion to VFA (ECH) and the average daily body weight gain (ADG). The results showed that the different breeds of local cattle had a significant effect (P0.05) on EI, DEI, MEI, RE, RE to EI ratio, RE to DEI ratio, C2/C3 ratio, and ECH, but had no significant effect on ADG (P0.05). M has the highest EI, DEI, MEI, and RE 139.52 MJ/day, 99.69 MJ/day, 65.84 MJ/day, and 98.45 MJ/day, respectively, but the highest RE to EI ratio at B, while for the best RE to DE ratio, C2/C3 ratio, ECH, and ADG, at SO were 99.24%, 28.85, 74.97%, and 1.24 kg, respectively. It can be concluded that the best local cattle in terms of performance and feed energy efficiency are Sumba Ongole cattle.

Native beef cattle breeds in Indonesia such as Bali Timor (BT), Bali Flores (BF), Madura (M), and Sumba Ongole (SO) come from different regions with different types of feed because of the different environmental ecosystems. This situation results in native cattle breeds having different microbial compositions and functions. The purpose of this study was to find native cattle breeds fed ammoniated rice straw and concentrate having the highest productivity and feed efficiency. The material used was four native beef cattle breeds with a weight of 210-250 kg and age of 3.5-3.7 years. There were ten for each native cattle and they were fed concentrate and ammoniated rice straw. The amount of concentrate fed was 2% of body weight, while ammoniated rice straw was prepared ad libitum. Randomized Block Design with an initial body weight of cattle as a group was used in this research. Covariance analysis showed that the breed of native cattle had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), digestibility of dry matter (DMD), organic matter (OMD), neutral detergent fiber (DNDF), acid detergent fiber (DADF) and gross energy (DGE). BF cattle were higher (P 0.05). In contrast to nutrient digestibility, ADG of SO and M cattle were higher (P < 0.05) followed by BF and BT cattle, respectively. The FC of BT and BF cattle were similar (P > 0.05), but it was high (P < 0.05) compared to M and SO cattle. The conclusion is SO and M cattle have good ability when fattened using ammoniated rice straw and concentrate.

This experiment investigated various substrate growth of bamboo stems microbes (BSM) in rice straw fermentation and its effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH₃-N and VFA concentration. Materials were rumen fluid of beef cattle from the slaughterhouse. Basal diets consisted of rice straw and concentrate with ratio of 40 : 60 (% dry matter) were administered to five treatments namely P0 = untreated rice straw (control), P1 = Ammoniated rice straw, fermented rice straw using microbial bamboo stems grown on ammoniated rice straw (P2), rice bran (P3) and cassava waste (P4). The experiment used in vitro method was designed with Completely Randomized Design and the data were analyzed variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH₃-N and VFA concentration (P>0,05). The fermentation process of microbial bamboo stems in rice straw with a level of 10% with different substrate did not able to increase the digestibility and products fermentation, but there tends that the rice bran and substrates can increase DMD and N-NH₃ concentration