Klaudia Skelnik

In the era of globalization, the issue of migration in the economic aspect acquires measurable significance, for both migration-source and migration-destination countries. Contemporary migration premises are varied and are treated as the most active factor of human activity. The aim of the article was to highlight the scale of the problem resulting from the very essence of migration of citizens of Eastern Europe on the example of coastal provinces. The authors of the article attempted to analyze the scale of employment of eastern foreigners in various sectors of the Polish labor market by type of permit, professional groups and professions and selected sectors of the economy resulting from the Classification of Occupations and Specialties and Polish Classification of Activities.

The article addresses the issue of information and decision-making processes taking place in crises. There is no integration between theoretical models of information and the practical aspects of crisis response; the administrative approach is excessively formal, neglecting cultural and psychological factors. The paper analyses the importance of information as a strategic resource, the determinants of information quality and their impact on the rationality of decisions made under time constraints and uncertain circumstances. A review of Polish and international literature has been conducted, accompanied by a methodological approach based on content analysis, comparative and case studies. The findings indicate that the key element of effective crisis management is minimising the information–decision gap, selecting relevant data, and safeguarding against disinformation. Accurate, up-to-date, and relevant information constitutes the foundation of making accurate decisions in situations threatening public safety.

According to the Polish legislation, “protection of persons” involves activities aimed at ensuring the safety of life, health, and personal integrity. In the article, the Authors present an analysis of three cases of assassination – the assassination of the first President of the Republic of Poland Gabriel Narutowicz in 1922, the assassination of the assistant of the MEP Marek Rosiak in 2010, and the assassination of the Mayor of Gdańsk Paweł Adamowicz in 2019. In the following part of the article, the Authors present the assassination attempts on Slovak Prime Minister Robert Fico, and US presidential candidate (former US President) Donald Trump, discussing the irregularities that took place during these events. The Authors also point out irregularities in the personal and property protection industry in Poland that require immediate changes, including legal changes in this area. Further downplaying the current situation may result in an escalation of attacks and acts of sabotage in Poland. As a country that has been actively supporting Ukraine since the first days of Russia’s aggression, Poland has been targeted not only by the aggressor but also by other countries, whose interest lie not only in defeating the Ukrainian state but also in instilling a sense of insecurity among the citizens of neighboring countries. The main purpose of this article is not to criticize services and entities dealing with personal protection. The Authors would rather like to point the way to rapid changes aimed at minimizing threats and counteracting the escalation of trends conducive to the occurrence of dangerous situations.

The Prison Service is a significant institution in the internal security system of the state. The most important tasks of this uniformed and armed formation include isolation and resocialization of people sentenced to imprisonment by a final judgment. Therefore, the Prison Service is responsible for ensuring the safety of society and protecting it from the negative impact of individuals who could commit a prohibited act, i.e. a crime. Threats related to crime have a serious impact on entire societies. This service, responsible for the execution of penalties and penal measures resulting in the deprivation of liberty, simultaneously carries out tasks for the security of the state. It is impossible to fulfill this task well without ensuring the security of information in this institution. The Prison Service plays a key role in the state security system by managing prisons, supervising prisoners and providing safe and effective environments during the serving of sentences. The Prison Service is responsible for isolating persons deemed dangerous to society. By keeping such people in custody, the Prison Service minimizes their potential threat to society. Currently, the penitentiary system in Poland is facing a number of challenges that affect its effectiveness, functioning and ability to resocialize prisoners. However, based on the observations and analysis of scientific literature in this area, the authors attempted to show the complexity of the issue of information security and its management, and its impact on shaping reality in a specific environment, such as a prison or a detention center - pointing out that ensuring information security during the period of penitentiary isolation determines the personal safety of prisoners.

The phenomenon of engaging mercenaries to participate in armed conflicts or conduct operations on the verge of war has been known since ancient times. The first documented mentions of armed clashes in which mercenaries took part date back to the 13th century BC and refer to the battle of Kadesh. Famous formations of Greek hoplites often served the Persian rulers. Their services were used by Alexander of Macedon, Hannibal and the rulers of the Roman Empire. Mercenaries developed most intensively during the Renaissance, where the city-states of Italy used mercenary formations. The Germans, the Swiss and the Scots were involved in mercenaries. In the First Polish Republic, the most well-known formation of this type was the Lisowczycy (the Lisowczyks). It was not until the creation of national armies at the end of the 18th century that mercenary formations disappeared. For example, the French Constituent Assembly passed a ban on the employment of mercenaries in the French state on February 28, 1790. The revival of mercenaries was influenced by the Cold War, especially the period of decolonization of Africa. At that time, mercenaries were employed by former colonizers who did not want to get rid of their dependent territories, often rich in various types of natural resources. Mercenaries played a vital role in shaping the political landscape of the world. Their extremely controversial activities were penalized at the end of the 20th century under international legal regulations. It is commonly believed that the role of mercenaries has now been taken over by private military companies (from now on: PMCs), which, unlike their predecessors, legally operate transnational companies. However, the purpose of their actions is the same as that of mercenaries, namely, to offer their services to the highest bidder. International law entities, transnational corporations, NGOs, and organised crime groups benefit from their support. Nevertheless, their existence has become a fact with which we must come to terms. Considering the excellent organization, professionalism and equipment of PMC employees, one should consider whether it would be justified to hire these companies to conduct peacekeeping operations supervised by the UN Security Council. Of course, these considerations apply to companies whose employees have not violated the applicable norms of international law.

In the Act of 2 December 2009 on medical chambers, the legislator separated the mediation procedure. This is an institution of mediation, which includes applications within the scope of the physician’s responsibilities. The procedure is initiated as a result of the physician’s failure to perform or improper application. It is a form of control which includes legal consequences related to crime. Disciplinary proceedings are a form of liability for violating a person’s membership of an independent group. In such proceedings, the mediator is only a physician who has been designated as a trustworthy person as part of medical control. However, as mediation proceedings should be conducted by an impartial and neutral person in accordance with the principles appropriate to this institution, normative solutions concerning the application of the Act on legal chambers should be included in this scope.

W dobie globalizacji problematyka migracji rozpatrywana w aspekcie ekonomicznym nabiera wymiernego znaczenia zarówno dla krajów będących źródłami migracji, jak i krajów docelowych migracji. Przesłanki współczesnych migracji są różnorodne i traktowane jako najbardziej aktywny czynnik działalności człowieka. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie skali problemu wynikającego z samej istoty migracji obywateli z Europy Wschodniej na przykładzie województw nadmorskich. Autorzy artykułu podejmują próbę analizy skali zatrudniania cudzoziemców z Europy Wschodniej w różnych sektorach polskiego rynku pracy według rodzajów zezwoleń, grup zawodowych i zawodów oraz wybranych sektorów gospodarki wynikających z Klasyfikacji Zawodów i Specjalizacji oraz Polskiej Klasyfikacji Działalności Biznesowej.

Coraz częściej zarówno w działaniach praktycznych jak i w dyskusjach akademickich mówi się o znaczeniu przygotowania do sytuacji kryzysowych. Problem jaki się pojawia dotyczy niewielkiej ilości praktycznych wdrożeń planów zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwych działań strategicznych i rozwiązań w zakresie zarządzania w sytuacjach kryzysowych, na przykładzie działań w oddziale ratunkowym dużego szpitala klinicznego. Kompleksowy plan zarządzania w sytuacjach kryzysu pozwala zapewnić trwałe i sprawne funkcjonowanie jednostki podczas zdarzeń nagłych tj. podczas działań w sytuacji ponadnormatywnego zabezpieczenia ilości napływających pacjentów w danej jednostce czasu. Praca badawcza i wdrożeniowa dotycząca gotowości na sytuacje kryzysowe jest potrzebą w systemie opieki zdrowotnej w skali makro, szczególnie w kraju sąsiadującym z działaniami wojennymi.

Contemporary reasons for migration are diverse and they are treated as the most active factor of human activity. Highlighting the scale of migration processes that generate challenges and threats in the modern world seems fully justified. Analysis of the experience of the influx of Ukrainian immigrants for economic purposes as a result of the migration crisis of 2015–2018, the mass influx of foreigners during the crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border and the specific exodus of war refugees from Ukraine as a result of the military conflict triggered profound changes in Poland’s migration policy. This article presents the expansion of the causes and effects of the above phenomena on state security in the social and economic dimensions. The role of migration policy in the new and changing security architecture was also highlighted.

Strategie rozwoju miast wyznaczają kierunki działań władz lokalnych mające na celu poprawę jakości życia mieszkańców. Czynniki wpływające na satysfakcję mieszkańców przedstawiono za pomocą wskaźników w aspekcie trzech porządków: społecznego, ekonomicznego i środowiskowego. Badanie jakości życia mieszkańców, wykorzystując czynniki mierzalne i werbalne, pozwala na przedstawienie jasnego i czytelnego obrazu rozwoju. Urban development strategies indicate the directions of activities of local authorities aimed at improving the quality of life of residents. The factors influencing the satisfac- tion of residents were presented using indicators in the aspect of three orders: social, economic and environmental. The study of the quality of life of residents, using measurable and verbal factors, allows to present a clear and legible developmental picture.