Hadi Erfani

Flooding stress associated with climate variability requires a better understanding of adaptive plant responses and their regulation in flood‐prone systems. This study examines whether dose‐dependent modulation of Ca ²⁺ /ROS‐associated processes influences root porosity and biomass responses in Cynodon dactylon under flooding‐related stress. Systematic modulation of Ca ²⁺ ‐ROS‐associated processes was examined using CaCl ₂ , 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (AT), EGTA, and diphenylene iodonium. The core novelty lies in translating biological signalling into an actionable bioprocess optimisation framework using Hill/EMAX dose – response modelling and benchmark dose (BMD) analysis. This methodology defined precise efficacy – safety windows for chemical application. Principal results demonstrate that low doses of CaCl ₂ and the ROS inducer AT significantly enhanced root porosity without compromising biomass. Critically, the BMD _porosity+10 (required dose for 10% porosity gain) was robustly positioned to the left of BMD _biomass‐10 (dose causing 10% growth penalty), confirming a safe and effective operational zone. These results provide a quantitative basis for future validation of dose‐dependent Ca ²⁺ /ROS modulation under more complex environmental conditions.

The medicinal plants have enormous bioactive chemicals and could be used to cure diseases. They can also be good substitutes for the conventional drugs in contemporary health conditions. This is an extensive study that reflects the broad scope of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants and their health use, especially against antibiotic-resistant and other infections. Most prominent of these are flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, terpenoids, which are alkaloids, coumarins, essential oils and polypeptides. The works have different functionality. These phytochemicals are phenomenal because of their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Curcumin, allicin and berberine, etc. have proven to kill multidrug-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making them promising to provide alternative antimicrobials. The new advances in computational strategies and network pharmacology have contributed to the revelation of the multi-targeted activities of agents such as rosmarinic acid against prostate cancer by invoking a number of regulatory processes. Although there exists massive potential, there is the problem of standardization, environmentally friendly production and bioavailability. Using modern analysis and findings in biotechnology with natural ethnobotanical practice could lead to new therapy agents. This overview generaliser existing information about medicinal plants as a source of new bioactive agents, analysis of their pharmacological use, mechanisms of action and prospects of their use in the development of drugs.

Synthesis and characterization of two novel copper β-diketone complexes, where halogen bonds play a pivotal role in shaping their multifaceted structural landscape, have been done in the present study. This study employs X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to investigate two copper β-diketone complexes, [Cu(L1)₂(ttfa)₂]·2CH₃OH (1) and [Cu(L1)(dfpb)₂] (2), where Httfa is 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(thiophen-2-yl)butan-3,1-dione and Hdfpb is 4,4-difluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dione. Complex 1 displays a halogen bond, which contributes to its uniqueness. The coordination sphere around the copper atoms was found to be octahedral for complex 1 and pyramid with a square base for complex 2. The study also extensively discusses the interactions present in these complexes. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to gain a more detailed understanding of these interactions, and the results showed that hydrogen-bond interactions contributed above 30% of the whole surface area in both complexes. Additionally, the halogen bond in complex 1 was found to contribute approximately 8% of the surface. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the structural properties and interactions of copper β-diketone complexes, which could have potential applications in various fields.