Muhammad Waseem Aslam

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of copper carbonate (CuCO₃) nanoparticles in promoting wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent and serious condition characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or the body’s impaired response to insulin. This condition frequently leads to complications such as diabetic wounds, which are difficult to heal due to poor circulation and neuropathy, posing significant challenges in patient care. Standardized wounds were created on the dorsal area of mice, divided into four groups (Non-Diabetic Control, Non-Diabetic CuCO₃-treated, Diabetic Control, and Diabetic CuCO₃-treated), and wound areas were measured over 14 days. Mice treated with CuCO₃ nanoparticles exhibited faster wound healing compared to their respective control groups, regardless of diabetic status. Molecular docking revealed that CuCO₃ showed favorable negative docking scores with selected receptor proteins such as VEGF (-6.946 kcal/mol), TGF-β (-5.314 kcal/mol), FGF (-4.926 kcal/mol), MMP9 (-4.355 kcal/mol), HIF-1α (-4.811 kcal/mol), and PKC-β II (-5.370 kcal/mol). It shows the best binding affinity with VEGF that promotes angiogenesis to the wound site. These findings with in-silico computational modeling demonstrate the potential of CuCO₃ nanoparticles to enhance wound healing in both diabetic and non-diabetic conditions, highlighting their promise in developing effective therapies for diabetic wound management.

The current study explores the synthesis, characterization and toxicity of copper oxides (CuO-NPs) in albino mice. The nanoparticles exhibited a porous, rough-surfaced, spherical morphology; XRD confirmed their crystalline nature, while FTIR revealed key functional groups of CuO-NPs. The 30 days H1 (5 mg/kg) and H2 (15 mg/kg) CuO-NPs exposure induced significant alterations in haematological parameters, including elevated white blood cell counts, particularly neutrophils, platelets and a significant decrease in haemoglobin and platelets distribution width. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in lipid profile, kidney, and liver biomarkers, indicating potential toxicity. Histological studies of the liver indicated sinusoidal lumen, necrosis, opening of the central vein, lymphocytic infiltration, irregular nucleus, degeneration of hepatocytes, and antinucleosis. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, necrosis, tubular degeneration, vascular degeneration, anisokaryosis, and expansion of the central vein were recorded. The heart tissues showed congestion, fatty degeneration, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis in the treated group. Molecular interactions revealed CuO NPs interacted with albumin, AST, bilirubin, and fibrinogen via hydrogen and covalent bonds, showing potential toxicity. This study highlights the link between nanomaterial properties, physiological changes, and molecular interactions underlying CuO NP toxicity, emphasizing the need for further research on their safe use and biomedical applications.

Silver iodide (AgI) nanostructures have been considered as promising candidates for optical biosensors owing to their optical characteristics of optical properties, including tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence enhancement. Such properties let one analyze biomolecules with high sensitivity, which makes them ultra-useful in diagnostics. The formed AgI nanostructures can be synthesized using chemical precipitation and template methods that enable fine-tuning of the morphology and crystallinity of the final nanostructure. The presence of SPR enhances optical signals potentially, and fluorescence enhancement helps visualize biomolecule interactions easier as the analyte concentration is usually low. Such uses of biosensors include applications in proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules for progress in disease diagnosis and pharmacogenomics. Moreover, the good biocompatibility level of the created AgI nanostructures makes it possible to integrate them into biological systems safely, increasing their usage in medicine. This integration of their appealing optics, biosensing operating principles, and biocompatibility establishes their centrality in the creation of future photonic biosensors for faster, intuitive, and painless detection.

The present study describes the haematological profile, feeding preference, and comparison of morphometric characters of blue rock pigeon (Columba livia) breeding pairs. For this purpose, 25 pairs (25 samples per sex) were sampled through Mist nets from district Okara and Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Birds were then anaesthetized with a combination of ketamine HCL (10 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) and subjected to morphometric measurements. 5µL blood also was taken from the jugular vein of each anaesthetized bird for haematological analysis. Few pairs were also dissected to remove gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) for food preferences. Results revealed that there are no significant differences in the haematological parameters and feeding preference of breeding pairs of Columba livia. The gut analysis further revealed, the major portion of gut contents consisted of pea and corn in most of the pairs. Regarding the mensural measurements, significant differences were recorded in the body weight, length of the longest primary feather, and chest circumference, whereas the rest of the studied parameters remain nonsignificant between sexes. So, it is concluded that apart from 3 morphometric parameters (body weight, length of longest primary feather and chest circumference), both sexes are alike in term of morphometry, haematology and food preference.