Ahad Hasan Syed Hasani

: The novel coronavirus that swept the world into a pandemic in 2019 has affected many aspects of health care. COVID-19 has infected about 263 million people across the globe and led to the death of 5.2 million people. Its impact on various organs is still vague and requires further research. The increase in hospital visits and administrations has accordingly increased exposure and risk of obtaining the coronavirus. Patients previously hospitalized and being treated with immunosuppressants tend to be very susceptible to serious respiratory infections from the novel virus. Amongst the diseases that require hospitalization are ulcerative colitis and appendicitis. Hospitalization from such diseases inevitably increases the risk and exposure to COVID -19 infection. This study analyzed the management and procedures taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the effects of the pandemic on the pediatric ward and admitted children were also discussed and compared.

Aquaculture has a key role in healthy human diets. These organisms constitute several nutrients such as proteins, fats, and numerous minerals. To be able to mass-produce whilst conserving aquaculture stability, mediating factors are required to enhance the fishes’ immunity, environment, and growth rate. The use of medicinal herbs to increase immune response has been discussed in various studies. In this study, the effect of selected herbs (Aloe vera, garlic, echinacea, peppermint, and thyme) on growth rate have been classified and reviewed. In this manner, using such herbs to enhance aquaculture seems beneficial as herbs are a natural and harmless means that can be added to animal diets. It was observed that all studies that analyzed growth rate parameters such as specific growth rate and percent growth rate depicted that increased weight and growth rate were significant, justifying the beneficial use of selected herbs as growth promotors in aquaculture.

Aquaculture, given its direct role in the human diet, mandates strict quality assurance and health protocols. Healthy fish require a strong immune system to defend themselves from a broad spectrum of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Stimulating the immune system is a prevalent measure taken to ensure satisfactory immune response and disease control. Measures against disease outbreaks are available, such as chemoprophylaxis with vaccines, chemical therapeutics, and antibiotics. All of which, alongside their benefits, pose certain risks to the fish’s habitat and itself. Natural substances extracted from herbs or their parts (roots, leaves, etc) tend to be the most effective therapeutics with the least adverse effects. In this study, natural remedies have been discussed as a potent method of preventive care in aquaculture.

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