Selma Çalişkan

Objectives: Bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal system originating from gastroduodenal artery (GDA) may require radioembolization when endoscopic interventions are insufficient. Knowledge of the distance between origin of GDA and origin of common hepatic artery (CHA) may reduce complications of this procedure. The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the origin of GDA.Material and methods: This study was designed as an observational, non-randomized and retrospective study. GDA-CHA distance of 150 patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were retrospectively examined. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between age and GDA–CHA distance. Independent samples t-test was applied for comparisons between groups (gender and bleeding status). A p-value of 0,05). Subgroup analyses by sex similarly showed no significant differences between bleeding and non-bleeding groups (p>0,05). Also, no statistically significant association was found between CHA–GDA distance and age, sex, or bleeding status (p>0.05).Conclusions: Precise localization of the GDA may reduce life threatening complications during radiological embolization. The important GDA measurement values obtained in this study may assist interventional radiologists in achieving embolization accuracy in GDA bleeding.

Aim: In literature, anatomical variations of the odontoid process in the sagittal plane have been suggested to influence the magnitude of cervical lordosis. This study investigated the effects of odontoid process morphology on the degree of cervical lordosis. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included individuals who underwent cervical computed tomography (CT) scans and had no cervical vertebral disease. The age and gender of these individuals were recorded. Their CT images were analyzed for the morphologic relationships and morphologic measurements of the C2 vertebra and other cervical vertebrae in relation to their adjacent formations.Results: Thirty-five subjects (male=23, female=12) were included in the study. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between C2-C7 Cobb angle and age, sagittal odontoid height, and sagittal C2 vertebral height values. In addition, positive correlations were found between sagittal C2-C7 height values and sagittal odontoid mid-thickness, sagittal odontoid base thickness, and C2 vertebral height values. Linear Regression analysis revealed that the T1 slope angle, sagittal C2 vertebral height, and sagittal C2-C7 height values could predict the C2-C7 Cobb angle. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cervical lordosis may decrease over time when the T1 slope angle, sagittal odontoid height, sagittal C2 vertebral height, and sagittal C2-C7 height are measured low, and thus, those individuals may be more exposed to cervical vertebral alignment disorders.

Background/Aim: Eagle’s syndrome (ES) presents with a wide range of symptoms resulting from the impingement of nerves and/or compression of vessels in the neck by an elongated styloid process and calcified stylohyoid ligament. Although the literature includes numerous case reports on ES, large patient series studies are limited. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of ES, evaluate its consistency with existing literature, and report findings from 88 patients, representing one of the largest series to date conducted at a high-volume center specializing in head imaging. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8,509 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) for various indications between 2019 and 2023. A total of 88 patients were diagnosed with ES. For each patient, preliminary diagnosis and gender were recorded. Results: Out of 8,509 patients evaluated, 88 (1.0%) were diagnosed with ES. Of the 88 confirmed ES cases, 47 (53.4%) were female and 41 (46.6%) were male. It was determined that 3 of the 88 patients (3.4%) diagnosed with ES had a preliminary diagnosis of ES, while 96.6% did not have a preliminary diagnosis. Conclusion: Establishing a strong preliminary diagnosis of ES, rather than identifying it incidentally on imaging, depends on a detailed knowledge of regional anatomy and the ability to correlate clinical symptoms with underlying anatomical structures. Of the 88 patients diagnosed with ES, 3 (3.4%) had a preliminary diagnosis—all of whom were women—while the remaining 96.6% did not. Our findings highlight a marked discrepancy between clinical suspicion and radiological diagnosis of ES. This gap underscores the importance of incorporating objective imaging into routine evaluation to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent misdiagnosis.

Lycaena helle ([Denis & Schiffermüller],1775), is listed as “endangered” on the European Red List of butterflies. We report the first record of this species from Turkey. The EUNIS habitat information and photographs of the area where adult individuals was collected together with habitus dorsal and ventral photographs of the species were provided. The distribution status and habitat of the species in the Palaearctic region were evaluated.

Objective: Mastoid process is the downward projection from the mastoid part of the temporal bone located posteroinferior to external auditory meatus. Mastoid process is a palpable bony structure which enables to determine the location of asterion. The aim of this study is to define details of mastoid process anatomy to enlighten surgeons, anatomists, anthropologists and forensic experts.Material and Methods: Present study was conducted on 20 skulls (20 left + 20 right=40) and 18 hemi skulls of unknown sex. All measurements were taken by two observers simultaneously by using digital caliper. Of the 58 mastoid processes 30 were right sided and 28 were left sided.Results: Mean and standard deviation of all measurements were reported on each mastoid process. The difference between right A line (distance between right asterion and right apex of mastoid process) and left A line was statistically significant (p=0.022). The difference between right D line (Vertical distance between imaginary plane from the superior border of right external auditory meatus to right apex of mastoid process) and left D line was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: Mastoid process morphology and its anatomical relations are important for anatomists, neurosurgeons, anthropologists and forensic experts. As it is common centre of interest for multidisciplines, morphometry of this feature should be well defined.

Aims: The aim of the study recognize and classify the Tracheal Bronchus (TB) in our population.Materials and Methods: A total of 1500 patients who underwent thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) examination for different reasons were enrolled in this retrospective study. 12 patients with TB were reported. Of the 12 patients with TB; five were males and seven were females. Prevalence of TB was found to be 0.8%. It was indicated more frequently in women (58.3%) than in men (41.7%). Results: Of the 12 patients with TB seven had displaced type (58.3%), two had supernumerary type (16.7%) and three had pig bronchus (25%). Displaced type was most common among the females. Of the five males two had displaced type, two had pig bronchus and one had supernumerary type. Relation between gender and type was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.516). The mean diameter of the TB was 5.24±1.53 mm. Difference between displaced and pig bronchus types according to diameter is statistically significant (p=0.017). Distance between carina and TB was also measured in the present study. There was no difference between displaced type and pig bronchus type according to distance from carina (p=0.067). Conclusions: Recognizing the TB is critically important during endotracheal intubation. When the TB is occluded by the side of the tube the lobe may collapse. On the other hand when it is mistakenly intubated, over aeration may lead pneumothorax.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to define the incidence and classify locations of accessory spleen using CT in a large Turkish population and to compare our findings with earlier studies performed in other populations. Methods: A total of 930 patients were included in the study and evaluated retrospectively using CT. The CT images were obtained using Philips Ingenuity 128 slice computerized tomography device. Results: 930 patients (413 females, 44.4%; 517 males, 55.6%) who underwent CT imaging for various indications were included in this study. Out of these, 55 had an accessory spleen (5.9%), and four had polysplenia. Most common location of accessory spleen was hilum (49.9%) followed by the gastrosplenic ligament (21.81%), infrasplenic area (18.18%), pancreatic tail (3.64%), splenorenal ligament (3.64%) and suprasplenic area (3.64%). Conclusion: Accessory spleen is a common variation encountered in the abdominal cavity. Most and least common locations of this variation should be well known to prevent radiologic misdiagnosis and surgical complications.