Buket Oguz

Objectives: Bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal system originating from gastroduodenal artery (GDA) may require radioembolization when endoscopic interventions are insufficient. Knowledge of the distance between origin of GDA and origin of common hepatic artery (CHA) may reduce complications of this procedure. The aim of this study was to radiologically evaluate the origin of GDA.Material and methods: This study was designed as an observational, non-randomized and retrospective study. GDA-CHA distance of 150 patients who underwent digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were retrospectively examined. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between age and GDA–CHA distance. Independent samples t-test was applied for comparisons between groups (gender and bleeding status). A p-value of 0,05). Subgroup analyses by sex similarly showed no significant differences between bleeding and non-bleeding groups (p>0,05). Also, no statistically significant association was found between CHA–GDA distance and age, sex, or bleeding status (p>0.05).Conclusions: Precise localization of the GDA may reduce life threatening complications during radiological embolization. The important GDA measurement values obtained in this study may assist interventional radiologists in achieving embolization accuracy in GDA bleeding.

Aim: In literature, anatomical variations of the odontoid process in the sagittal plane have been suggested to influence the magnitude of cervical lordosis. This study investigated the effects of odontoid process morphology on the degree of cervical lordosis. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included individuals who underwent cervical computed tomography (CT) scans and had no cervical vertebral disease. The age and gender of these individuals were recorded. Their CT images were analyzed for the morphologic relationships and morphologic measurements of the C2 vertebra and other cervical vertebrae in relation to their adjacent formations.Results: Thirty-five subjects (male=23, female=12) were included in the study. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between C2-C7 Cobb angle and age, sagittal odontoid height, and sagittal C2 vertebral height values. In addition, positive correlations were found between sagittal C2-C7 height values and sagittal odontoid mid-thickness, sagittal odontoid base thickness, and C2 vertebral height values. Linear Regression analysis revealed that the T1 slope angle, sagittal C2 vertebral height, and sagittal C2-C7 height values could predict the C2-C7 Cobb angle. Conclusion: These findings suggest that cervical lordosis may decrease over time when the T1 slope angle, sagittal odontoid height, sagittal C2 vertebral height, and sagittal C2-C7 height are measured low, and thus, those individuals may be more exposed to cervical vertebral alignment disorders.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, laterality, morphology, and coexistence of clinically relevant cranial bony bridges (interclinoid bridge, caroticoclinoid bridge, pterygospinous bridge and pterygoalar bridge ) in dry human skulls. Methods: Forty adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex were examined. Only specimens allowing visualization of the sphenoid bone were included. The presence and morphology of the caroticoclinoid foramen (CCF), interclinoid foramen (ICF), pterygospinous bridge, and pterygoalar bridge were assessed. Variants were classified according to completeness, laterality, and associated spicules, and all findings were documented photographically.Results: Examination of 40 skulls identified infrequent sphenoidal bony bridges: one specimen showed bilateral complete caroticoclinoid foramina concomitant with bilateral interclinoid foramina, without spicular components. Unilateral pterygospinous bridging occurred in two skulls on opposite sides, whereas pterygoalar bridges were not observed.Conclusion: Cranial bony bridges represent clinically relevant anatomical variants that warrant careful consideration during diagnostic evaluation, particularly in patients presenting with atypical or unexplained neurological symptoms. Recognition of these variations is essential for preoperative planning, as their presence may increase the risk of neurovascular injury and intraoperative complications. A thorough understanding of the incidence and clinical implications of cranial bony bridges, as demonstrated in our laboratory observations and supported by the existing literature, is therefore critical for optimizing diagnostic accuracy and ensuring safe and effective surgical management.

Semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD), is a rare bony defect that reveals a third window of semicircular canal except oval and round window. Dizziness, acute vertigo attacks, conductive hearing loss, tinnitus and amplified heartbeat sounds are the symptoms of dehiscence. The aim of this article is to analyze the length and location of semicircular canal dehiscence as superior (anterior), inferior (posterior), or lateral (horizontal) canals using micro-CT and compare it with Cone beam CT. A total of 39 dry temporal bones without visible damage were examined both in Micro CT and Cone beam CT. Measurements were made on these cross-sectional images using the CTAn software. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. When examining Micro-CT images, only 4 canals showed dehiscence among 39 bones. The dehicences were observed in both lateral, superior, and posterior semicircular canals. One dehiscence was in the lateral semicircular canal, two were in the superior semicircular canal, and the last one was in the posterior semicircular canal. In CBCT images, dehiscence was observed in a total of 11 canals among the 39 bones. Two dehiscences were in the lateral semicircular canal, three in the posterior semicircular canal, and six in the superior semicircular canal. There was a significant difference between Micro CT and Cone beam CT in terms of dehiscence detection (p < 0,05). Consequently, this study emphasizes the potential danger of an uncertain diagnosis of canal dehiscence with CT in individuals with minor irregularities in Cone beam CT scans, which could result in potentially inappropriate surgical interventions.

Background and Objectives: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 24 million people worldwide, characterized by structural and functional brain abnormalities. Despite its prevalence, automated segmentation tools like Vol2Brain have been underutilized in large-sample studies examining limbic system anatomical volumes in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to assess volume differences in all major limbic system structures between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls using Vol2Brain. Method: This retrospective study included 68 schizophrenia patients and 68 healthy controls, with MRI scans obtained from OpenNeuro. Limbic system volumetric and cortical thickness measurements were conducted using Vol2Brain, an automated segmentation platform. Results: Schizophrenia patients exhibited significantly reduced volumes in the amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and middle cingulate gyrus compared to controls. However, the left amygdala volume was larger in schizophrenia patients. A cortical thickness analysis revealed that schizophrenia patients had thinner limbic cortices, particularly in the anterior and posterior cingulate gyri and the right parahippocampal gyrus. In contrast, the right anterior cingulate gyrus was thicker in schizophrenia patients. The differences in total and left parahippocampal gyrus volumes and cortical thickness did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These findings reinforce previous evidence of limbic system abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia, which may contribute to cognitive and emotional dysregulation. The study also highlights Vol2Brain’s potential as a rapid, cost-free, and reliable alternative for brain volume analysis, facilitating more standardized and reproducible neuroimaging assessments in psychiatric research.

The 2:4 finger ratio (2D:4D ratio) refers to the length ratio of the second to the fourth finger of the hand. Studies on the 2D:4D ratio have long established that this ratio tends to be lower in males than in females. Our study aims to investigate the correlation between the 2.4 finger ratio and nasal structure among young adults aged 18–25 through detailed morphometric analysis. The study was conducted on 205 students (Female:127, Male:78) aged between 18 and 25 years studying at Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine. Morphometric measurements of the hand and nose were also measured and recorded by the same researcher. The volunteers were divided into eight groups for age and four groups for BMI. Statistical analysis was performed and p < 0.05 was considered significant. The evaluation revealed significant differences between sexes and the 2D:4D ratio. While no significant relationship was found between age and the 2D:4D ratio, correlations were present with some nasal parameters. A significant relationship was found between the BMI and the right hand 2D:4D ratio (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the BMI and certain nasal parameters. Furthermore, significant relationships were identified between the 2D:4D ratio and certain nasal parameters (p < 0.05). The data obtained from our study will contribute to the understanding of nasal development, sex determination in forensic medicine, and the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies related to the nose. Additionally, it will assist clinicians involved in planning any nasal operations in describing anatomical points related to this region.