Bermet Kidiraliyeva

Fritillaria eduardii Regel is a rare endemic species of high conservation and scientific value, yet molecular studies on this plant are often hampered by difficulties in DNA extraction due to the high content of polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and secondary metabolites in its tissues. In this study, we tested and optimized a modified CTAB protocol for obtaining high-quality DNA from leaf tissues of F. eduardii. An initial protocol including polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was evaluated, but the DNA yields and purity were inconsistent. Several key modifications were introduced, including exclusion of PVP from the composition, adjustment of buffer composition, replacement of chloroform–octanol with chloroform–isoamyl alcohol, the addition of a CTAB/NaCl purification step, and the use of a high-salt TE buffer for resuspension.Spectrophotometric analysis confirmed that the optimized protocol significantly improved DNA quality and stability. Among the initial nine test samples, only one fully met the optimal purity ratio (A260/A280 = 1.8–2.0), while others showed acceptable but suboptimal values, and three were unsuitable without additional purification. After protocol optimization, over 50 DNA samples were successfully obtained, with concentrations ranging from 548.7 to 4022.9 ng/µl and purity values between 1.80 and 2.09, confirming reproducibility and efficiency.The modified CTAB protocol provides reliable and reproducible DNA suitable for PCR amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic studies. This approach can be recommended for F. eduardii and potentially adapted for other Fritillaria species rich in polysaccharides and phenolic compounds.

Differentiation of closely related biological species using molecular genetic analysis is important for breeding farm animals, creating hybrid lines, maintaining the genetic purity of breeds, lines and layering. Bos grunniens and Bos taurus differentiation based on STR locus polymorphism will help maintain the genetic isolation of these species and identify hybrid individuals. The aim of this study is to assess the differentiating potential of 15 microsatellite loci to distinguish between domestic yak (B. grunniens) bred in the Kalmak-Ashuu highland region (Kochkor district, Naryn region, Kyrgyz Republic) and cattle (B. taurus) of three breeds (Aberdeen-Angus, Holstein and Alatau) using molecular genetic analysis. The samples were genotyped at 15 microsatellite loci (ETH3, INRA023, TGLA227, TGLA126, TGLA122, SPS115, ETH225, TGLA53, BM2113, BM1824, ETH10, BM1818, CSSM66, ILSTS006 and CSRM60). Twelve of the loci were from the standard markers panel recommended by ISAG. Statistical analysis was performed using GenAlEx v.6.503, Structure v.2.3.4, PAST v.4.03, and POPHELPER v1.0.10. The analysis of the samples’ subpopulation structure using the Structure v.2.3.4 and 15 STR locus genotyping showed that the accuracy of assigning a sample to B. taurus was 99.6 ± 0.4 %, whereas the accuracy of assigning a sample to B. grunniens was 99.2 ± 2.6 %. Of the 15 STRs, the greatest potential to differentiate B. grunniens and B. taurus was found in those with the maximal calculated FST values, including BM1818 (0.056), BM1824 (0.041), BM2113 (0.030), CSSM66 (0.034) and ILSTS006 (0.063). The classification accuracy of B. grunniens using only these five microsatellite loci was 98.8 ± 3.4 %, similar for B. taurus, 99.1 ± 1.2 %. The proposed approach, based on the molecular genetic analysis of 5 STR loci, can be used as an express test in Kyrgyzstan breeding and reproduction programs for B. grunniens.

In modern biology and medicine, much attention is paid to the study of the hemostasis regulation of some cell populations by substances of a peptide nature. They have the ability to regulate the functional and proliferative activity of cells and ensure communication in normal and pathological conditions. Research data showed that significant violations of the hemostatic system also occur with radiation damage to the body. One of the first radiation responses involves the coagulation cascade's activation, which leads to the breakdown of fibrinogen and the formation of fibrin clots. The potential threat of this is quite evident due to the existence of uranium mining tailings in several regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Considering that significant disturbances of the hemostatic system occur during radiation damage to the body, and effective means are clearly not enough, the study of the effect of bioregulatory peptides in these conditions is of great importance. In the study, we carried out the total X-ray irradiation of laboratory animals on the X-ray therapeutic apparatus RUM-17. Peptide bioregulators peptide-1 and peptide-2 were administered intramuscularly to irradiated animals. Throughout the research, we used methods characterizing all links of hemostasis: vascular-platelet hemostasis, coagulation hemostasis, and fibrinolysis. The study has shown that the use of the peptide bioregulators in the background of acute radiation pathology leads to a decrease in the intensity of the chronic course of post-radiation thrombo hemorrhagic syndrome, contributing to an increase in the content of antithrombin III in the blood and modulating the versatile effects of endogenous heparin, which undoubtedly have a beneficial effect on the pathogenesis of radiation sickness.

Çeltik, Antarktika hariç tüm kıtalarda yetiştirilen dünyanın en değerli gıda ürünleri arasında yer almaktadır. Küresel ölçekte, ekim alanı açısından değerlendirildiğinde buğdaydan sonra ikinci sırada yer almakla birlikte verimi yaklaşık olarak toplam buğday verimine eşittir. Kırgızistan, çeltik yetiştiriciliği bakımından önde gelen ülkeler arasında yer almamakta, bu bölgede sadece yerel ölçekte üretim yapılmaktadır. Kırgızistan’ın güney bölgesi çeltik tarımına elverişli olduğu için son 10 yılda nispeten çeltik ekim alanları ve tüketimi artmıştır. Çeltiğe ilginin artmasına; nüfus artışı, ekonomik olarak getirinin olması, diğer ülkelere ihracat etme durumu gibi birçok faktör neden olmaktadır. Kırgızistan’da çeltik yetiştirilen başlıca bölgeler olan Oş, Calal-Abad ve Batken güney bölgelerinde yer almaktadır. Özgen ve Ak-Turpak çeltik çeşitleri tadı bakımından diğer çeşitlere göre daha üstündür. Araştırmalara göre insanlar için yararlı olan birçok elementleri içermektedir ve diğer çeltiklere kıyasla yüksek protein içeriğine de sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Kırgızistan’daki çeltik tarımının genel özellikleriyle birlikte, Özgen ve Ak-Turpak çeltiklerinin önemi ortaya konulmuştur.