Kadyrbai Chekirov

Fragmentary skull remains are common in zooarchaeological assemblages, yet they pose significant challenges for taxonomic identification because complete skulls are rare. This study investigated whether three resilient cranial regions: the body of the maxilla, the exoccipital region, and the bony palate, retain sufficient shape information to discriminate among caprine taxa. The sample comprised domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ), wild Marco Polo sheep ( Ovis ammonpolii ), domestic goat ( Capra hircus ), and Tatra chamois ( Rupicapra tatrica ). Three‐dimensional landmarks were digitized on surface‐scanned skulls. All three regions exhibited significant inter‐group shape differences ( p : 0.0001). The body of the maxilla provided the strongest discrimination ( R ² = 0.520), clearly separating ovine from caprine taxa along an axis linked to the relative position of the caudodorsal facial‐orbital region versus the infraorbital and alveolar sectors. The exoccipital region showed intermediate discriminatory power, whereas the bony palate exhibited the weakest group structure and the greatest overlap. Centroid size differed significantly among groups (wild sheep being the largest), but shape differences remained significant after accounting for size. Isolated skull fragments, particularly the maxillary body, retain reliable diagnostic shape information for distinguishing caprine taxa. When analyzed using geometric morphometrics, these fragments can serve as valuable analytical units in zooarchaeological studies, even in highly fragmented assemblages.

This study compares the performance of XGBoost and LightGBM models for predicting live weights of Yucatecan Criollo pigs from biometric measurements and examines the structural and algorithmic differences that affect model fit. Detailed analysis of the models’ hyperparameter optimization and variable importance revealed how each model approaches the data and prioritizes features. This study was conducted on 182 Yucatecan Criollo pigs (134 females and 48 males). When model performances were evaluated, the XGBoost model showed superior prediction performance with acceptable accuracy and lower error rates in the test dataset, with R² = 0.905, RMSE = 5.704, and MAE = 3.636. In contrast, the LightGBM model produced acceptable results under certain hyperparameter combinations with R² = 0.824, RMSE = 7.772, and MAE = 5.505. While the robust performance of both models requires strategic decisions in model selection and optimization, it is recommended to consider the dataset’s nature in feature selection and hyperparameter settings. This study provides important insights for simplifying the model and improving its efficiency in machine learning applications, and serves as a reference for more effective model use.

Reliable and cost-effective live weight determination is critical for improving both management and selection efficiency in small-scale sheep farming. In r

Forests of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) in Kyrgyzstan are widespread in the Inner, Central, and Northern Tien Shan. Small plots of spruce forest are also found in Pamir-Alai. They play a great water regulation, soil protection, sanitary–hygienic, and recreational role. The distribution, location, and change in the aspect of P. schrenkiana in the upper sub-belt of spruce forests of the Inner Tien Shan on the slopes of the Moldo-Too Ridge are analyzed in this work. Most researchers point out that the upper limit of spruce distribution was previously at the altitude of 2900–3100 m above sea level BS. Our monitoring data show that its top boundary is now located at an altitude of 3324 m above sea level. The revealed new limit of P. schrenkiana, in our opinion, is related to climate change.

The aim of the research is to analyze the diagnostic results of infected people with the COVID-19 in Bishkek. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of epidemiologically analyzing the COVID-19 infection in the city, diagnostic PCR research was carried out at the Center for Quarantine and Highly Dangerous Infections of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic in the Laboratory of Virology and Rare Infections. During the period of operation from 01st May 2020 to 31st March 2021, 28,863 samples from patients of the Sverdlovsky and Pervomaisky districts of Bishkek were examined by the real-time PCR. For laboratory diagnostics of COVID-19, according to the recommendations of the WHO and Russian regulatory documents, obtained biomaterials from the upper respiratory tract like swabs from the nasopharynx and oropharynx were used. Biological materials were collected from patients with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and from patients who contacted with COVID-19 infected people applied to Family Medicine Centers in Bishkek city for the purpose of preventive examination and treatment. The samples were identified by real-time PCR, in accordance with the “biological safety” rules. From 28,863 samples 3,255 positive and 25,575 negative results were found. In the study, the largest number of samples from patients with symptoms of COVID-19 infection was recorded in June, and July, 2021, as 7,604, and 4,074, respectively. In June, 738 positive results were detected from 7,604 samples, while in July, 540 positive results were detected from 4,074 samples. This period is estimated to be the acute dynamic period of the epidemiological situation in Bishkek (Pervomaisky and Sverdlovsky districts). The epidemiological situation was stable in August and September, with the number of infected in August was 17 cases, and in September 2 cases. However, since September 2020, the number of infected people with COVID-19 has been growing. Besides, the results of PCR diagnostics from 01st January to 31st March 2021 indicated that the epidemiological situation was assessed as “relatively stable”.

Nowadays, increased population and traffic density, together with the development of industry, caused increasing levels of heavy metals releasing to the environment, and environmental pollution has reached its highest level worldwide. Chemical products, fertilizers, industrial dyes, construction materials, silver dental fillings and vaccines are some of the well-known sources of heavy metals exposed the environment. Toxic heavy metals can normally be present in body parts of living things at very low levels, but at higher concentrations they can show toxic effects depending on species and duration. Among heavy metals, cadmium is one of the most harmful ones to the environment, humans, animals and plants, and can be toxic even at low concentrations. Thus in this study, Cd was applied to the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in Kyrgyzstan in different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μM for experimental groups) and in addition to accumulations in different plant parts, some growth, development, physiological and anatomic parameters were measured. As a result, it was observed that wheat plants were affected by all Cd concentrations, although they were able to manage lower stress in terms of some parameters. It was also seen that plants were negatively affected by higher levels of Cd stress, although remained alive throughout the experimental period.

Heavy metal stress has marked effects on some growth parameters, physiology, anatomy, and genetics of plants. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd) is an extremely toxic one and effects living organisms at even low concentrations. The presence of Cd in air, water and soil and its accumulation in plants create significant negations such as cancer, renal failure, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases in humans when taken from direct and indirect ways. The defense mechanism of the plants which is responsible from stress tolerance can be investigated to improve crop yield under Cd stress. Numerous studies have shown negative effects in plants exposed to Cd. Therefore, in this study, 0 (for control), 50, 100, 200 and 400 μM (for experimental groups) CdCl2 were applied to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants and some growth, development, physiological and anatomical parameters were measured. As a result, it has been observed that barley plants can manage stress in terms of some parameters under low Cd stress conditions, however, they are negatively affected at all Cd concentrations to a certain extent. In addition, it was observed that barley plants were adversely affected by high levels of Cd stress, although they maintained their vitality throughout the experiment.