Kripa Shanker Verma

The acceptance of electric vehicles, or EVs, is soaring, which offers opportunities and problems for the architecture of current distribution networks. With more people driving electric cars, there will likely be a large increase in the power demand, which might put unprecedented strain on the distribution network. The effects of widespread EV integration on distribution network architecture are thoroughly examined in this paper. Electricity distribution networks face opportunities and obstacles as the number of electric vehicles (EVs) increases. The increased use of EVs is predicted to increase power demand, particularly during peak hours, which could pressure the infrastructure already in place, including feeders, substations, and transformers. This increasing demand may result in equipment overload, voltage drops, and higher system losses, requiring major network capacity and reliability upgrades. On the other hand, developments in demand response tactics and smart charging technology present viable remedies. These include vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, which enables EVs to return energy to the grid, and load shifting, which incentivizes charging during off-peak hours. Distribution networks can handle the expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) while reducing risks and guaranteeing system stability using technological innovation and strategic planning.

This paper presents a variable step-size efficient learning modified P&O (LMPO) MPPT algorithm and adaptive proportional–integral (API)-based control techniques for a two-stage three-phase grid-integrated photovoltaic (TS-GIPV) system using an LCL filter. The proposed novel controlled technique introduces two-stage systems under different meteorological conditions and load deviations. The two-stage system with the presented control technique includes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, intermediate DC-link voltage, and grid current synchronization with a voltage source converter (VSC), respectively. This technique is implemented to improve the extract MPP of the solar PV generator system. An innovative grid-side VSC control technique addresses DC link regulation. Furthermore, this method regulates DC link voltage with an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop controller. Distinctively, the proposed technique regulates the inner loop while avoiding the outer loop. A control mechanism uses an API controller to regulate DC link voltage, distribute power, and synchronize grid current in the face of different scenarios. The fluctuating voltage of the DC link will be kept stable through power balancing. Hence, this technique improves the system stability, dynamic response, and component longevity by effectively reducing oscillations in the fluctuating DC link voltage at twice the grid frequency. The total harmonic distortion (THD%) of the grid currents of the PV power generated in the grid is maintained within the recommended limits. The proposed technique is simulated and verified through MATLAB/Simulink 2019b under different scenarios.

Maximum power generation from solar modules is adversely affected by partial shading conditions. To strengthen and obtain feasible output under any complex shadings, a new double diode model with deterioration factor (DDM-DF) is proposed for the optimal selection of shading patterns. It is used to validate the effectiveness of the novel heuristic approach called time-distance-constrained topology (D-CT). The novel D-CT is compared with conventional techniques (bridge link (BL), series-parallel (S-P), total cross-tied (TCT)), conventional puzzles (sudoku (SDK), magic-square (M-SP)), and recently reconfigured techniques (permutation-combination (PCR), knight-tour (KTR)). In this paper, the experimental study validates the outcomes obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK results under various realistic shadings. Experimental results prove that the novel proposed D-CT enhances the efficiency by 5.45%, 3.57%, and 3.54% over TCT, PCR, and KTR under inverted-L shading. Further, the minimum and maximum mismatch loss reduced by the proposed D-CT is up to 1.90% and 97.61% under top shading against SDK and S-P respectively. The real-time validation for the proposed novel 4×4 D-CT under pi and diagonal shading exhibits greater performance parameter enhancement of a solar array subjected to shadings in correlation with other models.

This paper presents the complex reliability of the PV and the wind power system linked to the grid. The power provided by a wind turbine is designed to suit the linear induction generator. The Archimedese wave swing (AWS) theory is used for the induction generator. A typical connection from dc bus bar through the voltage source converter connects the output terminal of the hybrid system (VSC). This dc power is therefore transformed into ac power by the inverter of the voltage source (VSI).. In order to smooth the rib, the electricity supplied to the power grid of the distribution side is indicated by a supercapacitor (SC). This paper suggests a control system to maintain the equilibrium between the distribution network's generated side and grid. To achieve the purpose, the traditional stabilization tool is added to the device under different conditions and approves the efficiency and performance of the topology used for control and the hybrid photovoltaic and wind turbines.