Vijay Laxmi Mishra

In this work, methylammonium germanium iodide (CH3NH3GeI3) is considered a highly efficient absorber material for the solar cell structure. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is chosen as the material for the electron transport layer, while CuSCN is used as the material for the hole transport layer. In the present study, a thin-film device model is developed using germanium (Ge) as an alternative candidate. To control its stability and mitigate its detrimental effects, germanium has been calibrated, demonstrating similar results to Pb-based thin-film solar cells. The simulation results indicate that the CH3NH3GeI3-based solar cell achieves a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 17.39%, a fill factor of 81.28%, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.54 mA/cm2, and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.3764 V. These results show a significant improvement in efficiency, with a maximum efficiency of 17.39% achieved. This study concludes that CH3NH3GeI3-based solar cells exhibit promising performance for solar cell applications. Therefore, for the development of cost-effective and highly efficient thin-film solar cells, this material can be considered a strong candidate.

Non-homogeneous irradiation patterns and temperature levels immensely affect the performance of solar photovoltaic arrays. Partial shading conditions on solar arrays reduce the peak power and efficiency. This paper provides a new remedy called a novel Ramanujan reconfiguration (NRR) to eliminate this physical shading problem in solar photovoltaic systems. NRR is a static-based reconfigured technique that is built using a three-diode model with the help of the MATLAB®/Simulink® tool. The special feature of the proposed NRR technique is that when shade occurs on the solar modules, it gets realigned in a particular row, column, diagonal, corner, centre and middle peripheral cages. This helps over a wide range of shade dispersion on the solar array. The novel topology is tested against the conventional total cross-tied (TCT) model and recently introduced advanced reconfigured models, namely odd–even topology (OET) and Kendoku topology (KDT). The results are tested under certain shading conditions. The proposed NRR technique increases the peak power by 4.45, 2.15 and 2.17 W under the first shading condition regarding TCT, OET and KDT. Its efficiency is improved by 0.51–2.18% under the third shading condition compared with other considered models in this study. In addition, NRR leads to smooth output curves under the second, third and fourth shading conditions, effectively mitigating the local power peaks. The experimental results show the proposed enhanced performance of the novel model against the other models.

Maximum power generation from solar modules is adversely affected by partial shading conditions. To strengthen and obtain feasible output under any complex shadings, a new double diode model with deterioration factor (DDM-DF) is proposed for the optimal selection of shading patterns. It is used to validate the effectiveness of the novel heuristic approach called time-distance-constrained topology (D-CT). The novel D-CT is compared with conventional techniques (bridge link (BL), series-parallel (S-P), total cross-tied (TCT)), conventional puzzles (sudoku (SDK), magic-square (M-SP)), and recently reconfigured techniques (permutation-combination (PCR), knight-tour (KTR)). In this paper, the experimental study validates the outcomes obtained by MATLAB/SIMULINK results under various realistic shadings. Experimental results prove that the novel proposed D-CT enhances the efficiency by 5.45%, 3.57%, and 3.54% over TCT, PCR, and KTR under inverted-L shading. Further, the minimum and maximum mismatch loss reduced by the proposed D-CT is up to 1.90% and 97.61% under top shading against SDK and S-P respectively. The real-time validation for the proposed novel 4×4 D-CT under pi and diagonal shading exhibits greater performance parameter enhancement of a solar array subjected to shadings in correlation with other models.