Camile Sanches Silva

Objetivou-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico da leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo, com dados de 2010 a 2022, sendo: ano, mês, idade, raça/cor, sexo, zona de residência, diagnóstico, critério de confirmação e evolução. Foram confirmados 1.262 casos de LVH. Destacou-se indivíduos do sexo masculino, raça/cor parda e faixa etária de 0 a 9 anos. Febre, fraqueza, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia e emagrecimento foram os principais sintomas apresentados. Dentre os casos positivos, 84,3% eram casos novos, e 12,4% de recidiva. Dentre as recidivas, 75,2% eram de indivíduos HIV positivos. A taxa de letalidade encontrada foi de 5,4%. Conclui-se que, mesmo a taxa de letalidade sendo baixa, é importante a tomada de decisões no que diz respeito à melhoria do controle e da prevenção da doença, pois se trata de uma doença negligenciada, em que casos e óbitos não deveriam ocorrer.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.