Pascual Ayamamani-Collanqui

This study analyses the socioecological transformations in emerging tourist environments in La Convención (Cusco, Peru), integrating a multi-temporal geospatial analysis (2010–2024) of vegetation cover and a socioperceptual analysis of environmental change using a mixed-methods approach. The geospatial component used satellite imagery classified as anthropogenic intervention, forest, grassland, and water bodies, with calculations of annual rates of change. The qualitative component comprised interviews with 11 local stakeholders across four environments: two heritage sites (Huamanmarca and Vitcos/Rosaspata) and two natural areas (Siete Tinajas and the Native Community of Miaria). The results reveal distinct patterns: intensive anthropisation in heritage sites, moderate forest loss in Siete Tinajas, and greater ecosystem stability in Miaria under community governance. Local perceptions report increased temperatures, irregular rainfall, and decreased water availability, attributed to cumulative pressures that extend beyond tourism. Three socio-ecological patterns are identified, revealing a non-linear tourism–territory relationship contingent upon the local management model.

Este estudio analiza las representaciones socioecológicas de los servicios ecosistémicos asociados a la Laguna Qorina, un ecosistema altoandino situado en Haquira, en el sur del Perú. Se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo-interpretativo y se seleccionó una muestra intencional de 36 informantes clave. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, que fueron transcritas y analizadas en ATLAS.ti 23 mediante un análisis temático reflexivo. La suficiencia del corpus se evaluó mediante la saturación temática y la trazabilidad, a través de la revisión cruzada de códigos y categorías. Los servicios de soporte se representaron mediante la biodiversidad, el hábitat de las especies y la capacidad del suelo, asociados a preocupaciones sobre la contaminación y el cambio climático. Los servicios de provisión comprendieron la disponibilidad de agua, la crianza de animales, los alimentos y los recursos medicinales, lo que evidenció una dependencia hídrica diferenciada entre la laguna, los manantiales y los puquios. La regulación articuló ciclo y manejo del agua, control de plagas, saneamiento y fertilidad del suelo frente a la variabilidad climática. Los servicios culturales incluyeron rituales, festividades, recreación, patrimonio y actividades comunitarias, lo que evidenció la continuidad y la transformación de las prácticas locales. Se concluye que las representaciones trascienden las categorías convencionales y articulan la naturaleza, la producción, el manejo y los significados socioculturales, lo cual resulta relevante para una gestión territorial participativa y culturalmente situada. Palabras clave: biodiversidad; cosmovisión andina; ecosistemas altoandinos; gestión territorial; percepción local; sostenibilidad. Socioecological representations of ecosystem services in a high Andean lagoon in Southern Peru This study analyzes the socio-ecological representations of ecosystem services associated with Laguna Qorina, a high-Andean ecosystem located in Haquira, southern Peru. A qualitative-interpretive approach was adopted, and a purposive sample of 36 key informants was selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed using ATLAS.ti 23 through reflective thematic analysis. This process included familiarization with the corpus, inductive coding, the construction and revision of themes, and subsequent organization of the findings into the dimensions of ecosystem services. Corpus sufficiency was assessed through thematic saturation, and traceability was evaluated through cross-referencing codes and categories. Supporting services were represented by biodiversity, species habitat, and soil capacity, associated with concerns about pollution and climate change. Provisioning services included water availability, animal husbandry, food, and medicinal resources, revealing a differentiated water dependency among the lagoon, springs, and natural water sources. Regulating services encompassed water cycles and management, pest control, sanitation, and soil fertility in the face of climate variability. Cultural services included rituals, festivities, recreation, heritage, and community activities, demonstrating both continuity and transformation of local practices. It is concluded that these representations transcend conventional categories and integrate nature, production, management, and sociocultural meanings, which are relevant for participatory and culturally situated territorial management. Keywords: biodiversity; Andean worldview; high Andean ecosystems; territorial management; local perception; sustainability.

In the context of the information and network society, with the incorporation of information and communication technologies, one of the most marked and controversial challenges of this last decade has been the growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in contemporary society, generating a series of ethical, social, economic and political dilemmas that deserve to be addressed. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the implications of AI systems in the workplace and in daily social interactions. Applying the methodological approach of qualitative research, based on the methodological design of interpretive phenomenology, semi-structured and in-depth interviews have been conducted with 20 researchers and intellectuals from 11 countries of the Ibero-American continent: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela; all the participants in the study are associate members of the Ibero-American Network of Imaginaries and Representations. The findings reveal that, based on the established core social imaginary of “AI as an expression of modern Western instrumental rationality”, social imaginaries have been institutionalized, both regarding the implications of AI in the workplace and in everyday social interactions. In the first case, the social imaginaries of ethics in AI systems, the reproduction of socioeconomic inequalities and the complementarity between human beings and AI stand out; while, in the second case, the institutionalization of social imaginaries of dehumanization of AI, social alienation of humans from their being and algorithmic subjugation of everyday social life stand out. In short, given the configuration of the dominant social imaginary of the “new global order based on AI systems”, the research calls for the construction and institutionalization of the radical social imaginary of practical ethics in AI systems, which translates into technological policies and regulatory frameworks at a global and local level, implementing socio-institutional transformations, based on the paradigm of multilevel and multidimensional governance.

The article analyzes the intergovernmental relations developed during the last 30 years, in the context of an apparent unitary and decentralized State, in Peru. The analysis was carried out from the perspective of local governments. The research was of an interpretive phenomenological type to account for the social imaginary of the mayors regarding centralism, recentralization, conflicts of functions, and competencies between government actors. It was concluded that the construction of a unitary and decentralized State would end up being an illusion because the tendency is towards the recentralization of resources in the central government.

El presente ensayo tiene por objetivo analizar la evolución de la teoría social en América Latina, ello implica efectuar una breve aproximación sobre el trayecto, el rol desempeñado y las orientaciones teóricas de las ciencias sociales en América Latina; en el entendido que la evolución de la teoría social latinoamericana, está implicada en el estudio de la sociedad humana asentada en el Sur del continente americano, agrupadas en diversas asociaciones, colectividades y/o instituciones. Se trata de una reflexión aproximativa basada en la revisión de literatura, y debido a su naturaleza, se hace una exposición condensada, cuyo interés se centra en la ‘evolución’ de la teoría social en América Latina y los desafíos de la misma en el contexto latinoamericano contemporáneo.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the evolution of social theory in Latin America, which implies a brief approach to the trajectory, the role played and the theoretical orientations of social sciences in Latin America; in the understanding that the evolution of Latin American social theory is involved in the study of human society settled in the South of America continent, grouped in various associations, collectivities and/or institutions. It is an approximate reflection based on the review of literature, and due to its nature, a condensed exposition is made, whose interest is centered on the `evolution' of social theory in Latin America and the challenges of the same in the contemporary Latin American context.

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las representaciones sociales de conservación de la naturaleza por la población rural de la zona de amortiguamiento en la Reserva Nacional del Titicaca; bajo el supuesto de que las reflexiones y acciones de cuidado ambiental se sustentan en los beneficios de conservar la naturaleza canalizadas desde la cosmovisión andina. El enfoque es mixto, por lo que se recurrió a las técnicas de encuesta y entrevista. Se concluye que las concepciones, prácticas culturales y organización social tienen como fin la interacción armónica entre el hombre y la naturaleza.