Nurul Aini

This study explored the preliminary educational effects of a tsunami evacuation program using a streetscape reconstructed from a real district with a 3D laser scanner. The study area was Ono-machi, Kanazawa City, Japan, where 652 scan positions were captured using a Leica BLK360; the resulting point clouds were registered, cleaned, converted into a mesh model, and imported into Unity to build a desktop-based 3D evacuation experience. Twenty-five residents participated, operating the system individually or in small groups, discussing evacuation decisions, and completing pre- and post-experience questionnaires. Exploratory pre–post comparisons using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were conducted for the 22 complete paired responses. Because five corresponding pairs were tested, the possibility of Type I error inflation due to multiple comparisons was considered. The results were interpreted using both uncorrected p-values and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of 0.01. The largest improvement was observed in the understanding of hazardous locations, with a mean increase of 1.59 points and a large effect size. The improvement in consideration of detours and alternative routes also remained below the adjusted threshold. Other corresponding item pairs showed positive descriptive changes and uncorrected p-values below 0.05, but they did not meet the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary evidence that a locally grounded, point-cloud-derived 3D urban model may support residents’ place-based understanding of local hazards and evacuation-related reflection. By supporting local risk communication, preparedness, and evacuation-related reflection, this approach may contribute to sustainable community-based disaster-prevention education and the development of more resilient coastal communities.

Rapid urbanisation has significantly changed the landscape of urban environments. More specifically, land use in cities has increasingly shifted towards built-up areas for urban infrastructure, housing, transportation, and industry. This has substantially altered the microclimate of cities, with one of the most noticeable impacts being the rise in urban temperatures, which negatively affects the quality of life and health of urban dwellers. As such, there is an urgent need to address these microclimate issues. Planting vegetation is one potential solution. Although urban green open spaces (GOS) are effective at mitigating microclimate impacts, they are often favoured for their aesthetic value rather than their ecological benefits. As such, the present study conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to monitor the urban microclimate in tree-filled and treeless areas, specifically, the air temperature distribution, to evaluate the efficiency of trees in decreasing temperatures. The findings indicate that tree-filled are cooler than treeless areas. More specifically, approximately 24.1% of the tree-filled area recorded temperatures between 28.1-29°C, while 36.5% of the treeless area recorded temperatures between 29.1-30°C. Therefore, trees effectively decreased the temperature by 1.6°C on average. These findings provide valuable insights that stakeholders can use to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect.

It is commonly thought in city development that more development areas should be in the central business districts (CBDs) and residential areas (RAs). However, the existence of green open spaces (GOSs) has received less attention in efforts to preserve colonial cities (CCs) in Indonesia. Green open spaces (GOSs) primarily serve as balancers of ecological functions, including controlling air and water quality and balancing microclimates. The purpose of this study was to calculate the pattern of GOSs due to the development of CBDs and RAs in the CCs of Malang and Bandung. The quantitative descriptive method utilised spatial analysis, normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis, and connectivity analysis using space syntax. Spatial analysis was used to calculate the GOS patterns, and NDVI analysis was employed to describe changes in the GOS patterns of CBDs and RAs. Furthermore, space syntax analysis was used to analyse the influence of the development of the CBDs and RAs on changes in GOS patterns based on connectivity levels. The study’s results clarified the connectivity calculations using DepthMap and the Google Earth Engine, converting them into easily interpretable metrics for evaluating connectivity and NDVI across two separate areas. The novelty and innovation obtained from this research is a formula that can facilitate seeing more simply and efficiently the correlation between connectivity and the need for GOSs in a city by overlaying these two aspects. The RAs are characterised by low connectivity and elevated NDVI. Conversely, the CBDs exhibited high connectivity but low NDVI.

Kebijakan Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) pada masa Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak terhadap kegiatan di berbagai sector yang mempengaruhi pergerakan masyarakat kawasan periurban ke kawasan urban untuk berbagai tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan pola pergerakan masyarakat tersebut dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif statistik. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan matriks asal-tujuan untuk melihat perubahan pola dan karakteristik pergerakan sebelum dan saat pandemic berlangsung. Perubahan pola dan karakteristik perjalanan selanjutnya dianalisis dengan perspektif spasial berbasis GIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perubahan pola pergerakan pada 38% masyarakat. Perubahan terbesar terjadi pada motif pergerakan bersekolah ke kawasan urban. Hasil dari penelitian diharapkan bisa berkontribusi sebagai salah satu dasar pertimbangan dalam merencanakan kebijakan, baik dalam aspek spasial, pembangunan fisik perkotaan serta perekonomian ketika menghadapi kembali sebuah pandemi.

This research focuses on evaluating the shape of a tree's crown and its impact on CO2 dispersion from transportation. CO2 emissions from motor vehicles can quickly spread and cause poor air quality on the roadside. The design of tree planting is a way to control air quality by reducing CO2 dispersion. Therefore, the tree's crown shape is an essential element to consider when planting trees, as different crown shapes can have different effects on CO2 dispersion. Selecting the wrong shape for a tree's crown can have negative consequences for controlling CO2 dispersion on the roadside.To evaluate the impact of different tree crown shapes, this research examines five common shapes found in Surabaya city: round, umbrella, oval, conical, and columnar. The study area is created in 3D modelling using Sim Studio tools software. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is then used to simulate the spread of CO2 emissions on the roadside. The simulation involves four scenarios that consider CO2 dispersion in 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270° wind direction. The last step of this research involves validating the data using correlation analysis.The results demonstrate that the shape of a tree's crown has a significant impact on CO2 dispersion. The oval, conical, and columnar shapes are the most suitable for planting along the roadside because they can effectively reduce the dispersion of CO2 emissions. In contrast, the round and umbrella shapes have the highest CO2 distribution and are unsuitable for planting along the roadside.

The issue of sustainability is an interesting discussion on every concept of development in all cities worldwide. One issue in urban development concerns urban sustainability. It is widely understood in urban development that the distribution of land use directly impacts the sustainability of cities. The history of the city always impacts the distribution of land use. This study examines the relationship between land use distribution and the spatial structure of the road network and their contribution to urban sustainability in Central Business District (CBD) zone-based areas having historical value. Cities planned during ancient times are used as research objects. Connectivity and depth are used as syntax space attributes. Malang, Melaka and Kanazawa cities are chosen for this study for their historical value. Comparative studies were carried out by calculating the connectivity and integration axial lines of three cities in the CBD zone. DepthMapX is a space syntax tool for calculating the space syntax attributes used for this study. The study results are expected to help determine the integration concerning specific city zones. Furthermore, it will be able to gauge the suitability of the distribution pattern of land use and the spatial configuration pattern for these historic cities.