Eda Baytaş

The study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of caffeine mouth-rinse interventions on shooting accuracy among bocce volo (BV) players. Twenty-four healthy, professional men bocce players, aged 20.67±4.43 years; height 176.46±6.58 cm; body weight 65.79±10.00 kg, volunteered to participate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Interventions included Caffeine mouth rinse (CAF-MR), Placebo (PLA), Control (CONT). In the study, participants' shooting performance was assessed during the BV progressive game. The collected data were analyzed (with SPSS Windows software) by repeated measure ANOVA analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test at p ≤ 0.05 level. The analysis of Volo Shots Accuracy revealed a significant main effect of condition (F (2,46) = 49.19, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.68), with post hoc analyses indicating significant differences between CAF-MR and PLA (p = 0.001), CAF-MR and CONT (p < .0001), and PLA and CONT (p = .003). Similarly, the analysis of Volo Shots Accuracy Percentage showed a significant condition effect (F (2,46) = 34.28, p = .001, η2 = 0.60), with post hoc analyses revealing significant differences between CAF-MR and PLA (p < 0.001), CAF-MR and CONT (p < 0.001), and PLA and CONT (p = .01). CAF-MR intervention increased shooting accuracy, as indicated by the shooting accuracy points obtained during the BV progressive game.

Introduction: Biological changes in human metabolism due to daylight and heat are expressed as circadian rhythm, and its classification according to individuals and their genetic differences is called chronotype. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies examining the relationship between circadian rhythm and birth. Purpose: This study’s first aim was to investigate the relationship between the chronotypes of mothers and time of birth, season, meridians in which they were born, and the gender of their babies. Its second aim was to examine the relationship between the birth times and chronotypes of pregnant women and the time of their deliveries. Method: The study was conducted among women presented to Alanya Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic between 01.02.2022 and 31.03.2022. The study included 147 women remembering the date and time of delivery. Participants were selected among the mothers who gave a normal birth, did not have labor induction, whose birth started with spontaneous contractions, and had a healthy pregnancy. A questionnaire form including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric information, and Horne and Östberg's Morningness- Eveningness scale were applied face to face. One-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, and logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze the data. Results: The chronotypes of the participants revealed that 45 women (30.6%) were morning type, 90 women were intermediate type (61.2%), and 12 women were evening type (8.2%). No difference was found between the chronotype scores of the mothers and the birth hours of their babies (p = .324). There was no difference between mothers' chronotype scores and birth meridians (p = .842). In addition, no significant relationship was found between the mothers' own birth hours and the birth hours of their babies (p= .050). Conclusion: There was no relationship between birth time, season, gender, birth meridian, and chronotype. The limitation of the study may be related to the recall bias, the effect of confounding factors, and the sample size. However, we think it is an interesting field in terms of providing a different perspective on the differences in performance and mood of people with further studies regarding chronotype.