Gökhan Deliceoğlu

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the effect of respiratory muscle strength parameters obtained from endurance athletes and their aerobic capacity levels. Methods: A total of 70 endurance athletes (23 women and 47 men) voluntarily participated in the study. Respiratory muscle strength was measured using a digital spirometer. Maximum VO2 was evaluated using the cardiopulmonary exercise test system (Cosmed K5). Results: As a result of the study, it was determined that in female endurance athletes, Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) values were related to the End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Pressure (PETCO2) value at maximum load. In male endurance athletes, it was determined that MEP values were related to PETCO2 values at maximum load, End-Tidal Oxygen Pressure (PETO2) values at maximum load, MaxVO2 values, VO2 values at RCP, and VO2 values at Ventilatory Threshold (VT). In addition, it was determined that in male endurance athletes, the MIP value was related to the VCO2 value at Ventilatory Threshold (RCP) and the VTidal value at maximum load. The other sub-parameters of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) examined were not found to be related to respiratory muscle strength. Conclusions: The present findings indicate that respiratory muscle strength may be associated with selected cardiopulmonary exercise variables in endurance athletes. However, because this was a cross-sectional study, no causal inference can be made. Prospective and intervention studies are required to clarify these associations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on service performance and recovery time in recreational tennis players. A total of57recreationaltennisplayersparticipatedin thisresearch (male= 26, female= 31). This study included four groups: the control group, 0-minute group, 10-minute group, and 20-minute group. Except for the control group, the other three groups used Instagram for 30 minutes before the test. These groups were formed based on the tennis players' waiting times after MF. The service test was performed immediately in the 0-minute group, after a 10-minute rest period in the 10-minute group, and after a 20-minute rest period in the 20-minute group. A randomized controlled experimental design was used in the study. A dependent-samples t-test was used to compare the means of the first and second services. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare group means. The alpha value was determined to be 0.05. In the 0-minute group, a significant difference was observed between the first- and second-service scores (p < 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found between the 0-minute group and all other groups. Spending 30 minutes on social media caused MF, which lowered the service scores of recreational tennis players. In this study, mental recovery began after a 10-minute break from Instagram. According to this study, disconnecting from social media for at least 10 minutes before starting a workout was effective in maintaining performance.

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of respiratory muscle strength parameters obtained from endurance athletes on aerobic capacity levels. A total of 70 endurance athletes, 23 females and 47 males, voluntarily participated with the study. Respiratory muscle strength of the athletes were measured with a digital spirometer. Max VO₂ was assessed using the cardiopulmonary exercise testing system (Cosmed K5). As a result of the research; MIP and MEP values were determined to be related to PETCO₂ value at maximum load in female endurance athletes. In male endurance athletes, MEP values were determined to be related to PETCO₂ values at maximum load, PETO₂ values at maximum load, MaxVO₂ values, VO₂ values at RCP, and VO₂ values at VT. Additionally, in male endurance athletes, the MIP value was determined to be related to the VCO₂ value at RCP and the VTidal value at maximum load. Other Max VO₂ sub parameters examined were not associated with respiratory muscle strength. Research results reveal that there are relationships between maximal oxygen consumption which is the most important indicator of aerobic performance and its sub-parameters and respiratory muscles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of neuro-athletic training (NAT) on balance and motor performance. 18 volunteer children (female = 11, male = 7) who regularly participated in boxing training between the ages of 9-14 took part in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the neuro-athletic training group (NATG = 10) and the control group (CG = 8). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all participants prior to participation. Each participant in the NAT group performed a 12 minute NAT protocol in a different sequence. KG was not subjected to any intervention way. The participants' balance performances were determined using the Performance Balance device, and their motor performances were assessed with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). ANCOVA analyses, controlling for initial (pre-test) values revealed significant group effects in favor of the NAT group for right-foot balance (F(1,15) = 5.35, p = 0.035, partial η² = 0.263), left-foot balance (F(1,15) = 11.53, p = 0.004, partial η² = 0.435), and the total score of the KTK (F(1,15) = 6.21, p = 0.025, partial η² = 0.293). In conclusion, short-term NAT applications can provide immediate and measurable performance gains, especially in balance and overall motor coordination. These findings suggest that NAT could be added as a complementary approach to pre-competition preparation and warm-up routines. Additionally, longer duration and higher volume studies are needed to demonstrate more permanent and robust effects.

Background and Study Aim. Core training is applied in athletic preparation to improve movement control and physical capacity. Postural stability is often assessed through balance tasks and force-platform indicators that reflect neuromuscular control. Although various training approaches are used, their relative efficiency in modifying postural sway and functional performance remains a point of practical interest.Therefore, the present study examined the effects of an eight-week core training program on change of direction, vertical jump, sprint, and center-of-pressure (COP) postural sway performance in amateur soccer players. Materials and Methods. Thirty male soccer players were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 15) and to a control group (n = 15). The experimental group completed a core training program three times per week over a period of eight weeks, giving a total of 24 training sessions. The control group continued regular training without additional core exercises. Performance testing consisted of 30 m sprint, change of direction and vertical jump assessments conducted before and after the intervention. Postural sway was measured on a force platform under two visual conditions, eyes open and eyes closed. Each condition was tested in double leg stance for three trials of 30 seconds, and center of pressure values were recorded for anterior posterior, medial lateral and total sway. Results. After Bonferroni correction, only vertical jump performance showed significant within group improvement in the core training group (pre 41.57 ± 2.09 cm, post 42.02 ± 1.94 cm, p < 0.001). No significant within group changes were observed in 30 m sprint (pre 4.34 ± 0.11 s, post 4.31 ± 0.10 s, p = 0.042) or change of direction performance (pre 15.84 ± 0.15 s, post 15.82 ± 0.16 s, p = 0.036) after correcting for multiple comparisons. In between group comparisons, the core training group demonstrated greater improvement than the control group in vertical jump performance (post 42.02 ± 1.94 cm vs 40.73 ± 1.03 cm, p = 0.035, ES = 0.83) and showed favorable although not statistically confirmed reductions in change of direction time. No significant differences between groups were found for sprint performance. Conclusions. An eight-week core training program improved physical performance and postural stability in amateur soccer players. These findings indicate the value of incorporating core stabilization exercises to enhance neuromuscular performance among amateur soccer athletes.

The aim of the current study is to examine the effect of nutrition education on the eating behaviors, eating awareness and sports nutrition knowledge of adolescent football players. The sports nutrition education module and the educational model to be used were developed by the researchers based on examples from sports nutrition books. The athlete questionnaire included sections on demographic information and eating habits. In addition, the eating awareness scale, the adolescent eating behavior perception scale and the athlete nutrition knowledge level test were administered to the athletes before and after the training. Twenty-five male soccer players aged 15-17 were included in the study. The six-week athlete nutrition training was delivered face-to-face by the researchers. After data collection, the SPSS 23.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. When the athletes’ nutritional habits were examined, significant improvements were found in post-training eating times (p

During exercise, a sudden increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) occurs to meet the increased energy requirement. After exercise, oxygen consumption does not immediately return to resting levels, it continues above resting levels for a while depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise. This process is explained as extra oxygen consumption after exercise (EPOC) it reveals the relationship between Baseline, O2 deficit, Anaerobic Threshold, respiratory compensation VO2max areas and EPOC depending on the intensity of exercise. The aim of our study is to examine the effect of EPOC and the relationship between the areas determined depending on the intensity of loading with a gradual incremental exercise test in rowers and with the Trapezoidal method. The study participants included 14 participants who were active rowing sports in the age range 12-18. The participants were selected using random sampling method In our study, data processing From the resting state, average respiratory values were measured at 3 seconds intervals during exercise and during the time after exercise, then seven areas were statistically analyzed depending on the intensity of exercise, determining the values of the areas were done by Trapezoidal method. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS program. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data of the participants in the study group were distributed normally. Differences between mean areas were evaluated by paired sample t-test and linear regression analysis for association between results p=0.05 error level was used.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on both body composition and endurance levels among professional soccer players. Twenty-one male professional soccer players from 1461 Trabzonspor Club participated in the study, with an average age of 23.00±0.60 years, a height of 183.16±10.1 cm, and a body weight of 78.40±1.69 kg. Various data were collected, including gender, age, body weight (kg), body fat percentage (%BF), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hip circumference, waist circumference (cm), and VO2max (measured using the yo-yo test).The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. Normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the paired sample t-test was employed for statistical analysis due to the normal distribution of the data. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in body weight (kg), body fat percentage (%BF), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hip circumference, and waist circumference (cm) values (p<0.05), indicating that HIIT training was effective in reducing these variables. Additionally, when analyzing the Maximum VO2 values obtained through the yo-yo test, HIIT training demonstrated a statistically significant impact (p<0.05), suggesting that it effectively increased this variable. In conclusion, the HIIT training program implemented among professional soccer players led to notable improvements in reducing certain anthropometric values while simultaneously enhancing Maximum VO2 values.

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected multiple physiological systems, including respiratory function, which is critical for athletic performance. Although alterations in pulmonary dynamics have been observed in high-level athletes recovering from COVID-19, the effects on respiratory function remain unclear. In this context, the present study aimed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the interrelationships among respiratory function parameters in high-level athletes. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight high-level athletes participated in the present study, including 34 with a history of COVID-19 and 34 controls without prior infection. Respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength were assessed using a digital spirometer (Pony FX, Cosmed, Italy). Key variables included Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV₁), and Maximum Inspiratory/Expiratory Pressure (MIP/MEP). Results: High-level athletes with prior COVID-19 infection exhibited significant differences in the correlations (p < 0.05) between FVC and PEF, FVC and MVV, FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC, and MIP and MVV compared to controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that COVID-19 can disrupt the interrelationships among respiratory function parameters in high-level athletes, highlighting the need for further longitudinal investigations.

Background and Study Aim. Sports-related eye injuries are a significant concern, particularly in high-risk activities such as basketball, where protective measures are often necessary. Protective eyewear is designed to prevent injuries, but its potential impact on athletic performance remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of wearing protective eyewear on shooting performance in basketball athletes without refractive errors. Material and Methods. Sixteen basketball athletes aged 16 to 24 years (mean = 21.56 ± 1.71) voluntarily participated in the study. The athletes underwent a 1-week familiarization period to adjust to the goggles. Shooting tests were conducted under three conditions: with goggles, without goggles, and with goggles after fatigue. The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for each condition. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, a non-parametric statistical method, was used to identify differences between the protocols. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26.0 software (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA), with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis revealed significant differences between the test conditions. Shots performed without goggles consistently showed better accuracy compared to those performed with goggles across all protocols. In the first protocol, the mean shooting accuracy was higher without goggles (0.620 ± 0.169) compared to with goggles (0.450 ± 0.100). Similarly, in the second protocol, the mean pre-test score without goggles (0.704 ± 0.058) was significantly better than the post-test score with goggles (0.673 ± 0.043, p < 0.05). The third protocol demonstrated the most pronounced difference, where pre-test accuracy without goggles (0.70 ± 0.05) decreased to a post-test accuracy with goggles (0.44 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) under fatigue conditions. These results suggest that the use of protective eyewear negatively impacts shooting accuracy, with the effects being more pronounced in fatigue-inducing scenarios. Conclusions. The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering the potential trade-offs between safety and performance when designing protective eyewear for athletes. While protective goggles are essential for preventing sports-related eye injuries, their influence on critical performance metrics, such as shooting accuracy, highlights the need for a balanced approach.