Banu Kabak

Purpose : This study examined the mediating role of multicultural classroom management skills in the relationship between cultural intelligence and teacher self-efficacy among physical education teachers. Method : A correlational survey design was employed with 405 physical education teachers (Osmaniye and Antalya provinces, 2025–2026 academic year). The Cultural Intelligence Scale (α = .905), Multicultural Classroom Management Skills Scale (α = .957), and Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (α = .913) were administered. Mediation was tested via PROCESS macro Model 4 (bootstrap n = 5,000). Results : Cultural intelligence significantly predicted multicultural classroom management skills (β = 0.601) and teacher self-efficacy (β = 0.580). Multicultural classroom management skills demonstrated a complementary mediating effect (indirect effect = 0.406, 95% CI [0.312, 0.504], κ ² = .313). The full model accounted for 51.0% of variance in teacher self-efficacy. Discussion/Conclusion : Cultural intelligence influences teacher self-efficacy through both direct cognitive-motivational and indirect behavioral channels. These findings support the integration of cultural intelligence development into physical education teacher training programs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hallux valgus deformity on dynamic knee movement pattern and lower extremity injuries in athletes. This was a cross-sectional observational study. The study was included 92 athletes (male: 62, female: 30). Athletes without acute injuries that could affect performance tests were included. Demographic data were collected, and the hallux valgus angle was measured using a goniometer. A standard warm-up protocol was then applied. A drop jump test from a 30 cm platform was conducted, and images captured during the test were analyzed in 2D using Kistler+Noraxon Measurement Device cameras to determine the dynamic knee movement pattern based on the knee-foot ratio. The dynamic knee movement pattern was determined that values greater than 1 were determined dynamic knee varus and values less than 1 were considered dynamic knee valgus. Dynamic knee movement pattern did not show a significant relationship with hallux valgus angle (p>0.05). However, a greater hallux valgus angle was observed in female athletes with a history of injury (p

This study examines the moderating role of digital addiction in the effect of digital literacy on the life satisfaction of amateur athletes. A correlationa

During exercise, a sudden increase in oxygen consumption (VO2) occurs to meet the increased energy requirement. After exercise, oxygen consumption does not immediately return to resting levels, it continues above resting levels for a while depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise. This process is explained as extra oxygen consumption after exercise (EPOC) it reveals the relationship between Baseline, O2 deficit, Anaerobic Threshold, respiratory compensation VO2max areas and EPOC depending on the intensity of exercise. The aim of our study is to examine the effect of EPOC and the relationship between the areas determined depending on the intensity of loading with a gradual incremental exercise test in rowers and with the Trapezoidal method. The study participants included 14 participants who were active rowing sports in the age range 12-18. The participants were selected using random sampling method In our study, data processing From the resting state, average respiratory values were measured at 3 seconds intervals during exercise and during the time after exercise, then seven areas were statistically analyzed depending on the intensity of exercise, determining the values of the areas were done by Trapezoidal method. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS program. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data of the participants in the study group were distributed normally. Differences between mean areas were evaluated by paired sample t-test and linear regression analysis for association between results p=0.05 error level was used.

Bu araştırmada, 0-3 yaş arası çocuğa sahip annelerin duygusal tepkisellikleri ile karşılaştıkları boş zaman engelleri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. 0-3 yaş aralığındaki çocukların gelişim süreçleri, annelerin üzerinde büyük bir fiziksel ve duygusal yük oluşturmakta, bu da annelerin duygusal tepkiselliklerini etkilemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, annelerin boş zaman engelleri ile duygusal tepkisellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, demografik soruların yanı sıra Boş Zaman Engelleri Ölçeği (BEÖ) ve Duygusal Tepkisellik Ölçeği (DTÖ) kullanılmış ve veriler çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya 438 anne gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. İlişkisel tarama yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen verilerin analizinde, verilerin normallik dağılımları için Skewness-Kurtosis değeri incelenmiş ve Shapiro Wilks Testi yapılarak verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Gruplar arasındaki farkları incelemek için tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) uygulanarak post-hoc analizleri yapılmış ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizleri için SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, annelerin çocuk bakımında aldıkları destek türlerinin genel olarak boş zaman engelleri ve birey psikolojisi üzerinde anlamlı bir fark yaratmadığını, ancak ulaşım sorunu gibi spesifik zorluklarda etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Eğitim durumu değişkeni, annelerin boş zaman engelleri ve bilgi eksikliği algılarında farklılık yaratırken, annelik durumu ve maddi koşulların dayanıklılık üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, annelerin karşılaştıkları zorlukların karmaşık ve çok boyutlu olduğu, bu nedenle destek mekanizmalarının daha kapsamlı ve çeşitli faktörleri dikkate alarak ele alınması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.

Background and Study Aim. Sports-related eye injuries are a significant concern, particularly in high-risk activities such as basketball, where protective measures are often necessary. Protective eyewear is designed to prevent injuries, but its potential impact on athletic performance remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of wearing protective eyewear on shooting performance in basketball athletes without refractive errors. Material and Methods. Sixteen basketball athletes aged 16 to 24 years (mean = 21.56 ± 1.71) voluntarily participated in the study. The athletes underwent a 1-week familiarization period to adjust to the goggles. Shooting tests were conducted under three conditions: with goggles, without goggles, and with goggles after fatigue. The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for each condition. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, a non-parametric statistical method, was used to identify differences between the protocols. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26.0 software (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA), with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis revealed significant differences between the test conditions. Shots performed without goggles consistently showed better accuracy compared to those performed with goggles across all protocols. In the first protocol, the mean shooting accuracy was higher without goggles (0.620 ± 0.169) compared to with goggles (0.450 ± 0.100). Similarly, in the second protocol, the mean pre-test score without goggles (0.704 ± 0.058) was significantly better than the post-test score with goggles (0.673 ± 0.043, p < 0.05). The third protocol demonstrated the most pronounced difference, where pre-test accuracy without goggles (0.70 ± 0.05) decreased to a post-test accuracy with goggles (0.44 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) under fatigue conditions. These results suggest that the use of protective eyewear negatively impacts shooting accuracy, with the effects being more pronounced in fatigue-inducing scenarios. Conclusions. The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering the potential trade-offs between safety and performance when designing protective eyewear for athletes. While protective goggles are essential for preventing sports-related eye injuries, their influence on critical performance metrics, such as shooting accuracy, highlights the need for a balanced approach.

This study aims to examine the effects of psychological skills and mental toughness on aerobic endurance and change of direction abilities in football players. The study included 55 female athletes aged between 13 and 17. Demographic data of the athletes were collected, followed by the administration of the Sport Mental Toughness Inventory and the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports. Afterward, a 15-minute dynamic warm-up routine was completed, followed by the Illinois Agility Test. The 20-meter shuttle run test was also administered. The two measurement sessions were conducted 48 hours apart. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics software version 26.0. For regression graphics, the Jamovi statistical analysis program version 2.6.2.0 was utilized. Mean, standard deviation (SD), linear regression, and skewness-kurtosis values of the variables were calculated for the entire sample . There is no statistically significant relationship between the change of direction values of the football players and the mental endurance and psychological skill variables. While there is no statistically significant correlation between the endurance values of the football players and mental endurance, there is a moderately positive and statistically significant correlation between the endurance values and psychological skill. Psychological skills have a positive effect on aerobic endurance in adolescent female football players, whereas mental toughness does not appear to have an effect. Additionally, neither psychological skills nor mental toughness were found to have an effect on change of direction performance.

The aim of the study is to determine whether the development of respiratory functions over time was affected in athletes who had Covid-19. This retrospective study included a total of 14 athletes who had Covid-19 (8 in judo and 6 in skiing) as the research group, and a total of 12 athletes who did not have Covid-19 (8 in judo and 4 in skiing) as the control group. Data were collected from routine performance measurements taken in 2019 and 2021. Athletes' respiratory function and respiratory muscle strength were assessed using a digital spirometer (Pony FX Cosmed, Italy). For data analysis, Skewness and Kurtosis values, along with Shapiro-Wilk test results, were considered to examine the distribution. Mixed Design Two-Way ANOVA was used to compare changes over time and between groups, and to determine interaction effects. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25.0 software. It was found that respiratory function test scores and respiratory muscle strength scores increased over time in tests conducted at two different time points. However, Covid-19 did not statistically significantly affect this improvement.The findings of the study may serve as a source for observing the long-term effects of Covid-19 on the development of respiratory parameters.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı atletizm atlamalar branşı sporcularında gastrocnemius kasına uygulanan kinezyo bantlama fasilitasyon ve inhibisyon kas tekniklerinin sıçrama yüksekliğine akut etkisinin incelenmesiydi.Yöntem: Araştırmaya 17 atletizm atlamalar branşı sporcusu dâhil edildi. Sporcular rastgele fasilitasyon ve inhibisyon grubuna ayrıldı ve sporcuların her iki gastrocnemius kasına kinezyo bant uygulaması yapıldı. Sporcuların squat, serbest ve aktif sıçrama yükseklikleri Microgate Optojump® ölçüm aleti ile bantlama öncesi ve bantlamadan 24 saat sonra bant çıkarılmadan değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Fasilitasyon ve inhibisyon gruplarının yaş, vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu ve vücut kütle indeksi değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p>0,05). Fasilitasyon ve inhibisyon gruplarının bantlama öncesi ve bantlama sonrası squat, serbest ve aktif sıçrama yükseklikleri ve bu sıçramalar sırasında üretilen güç değerlerinin benzer olduğu ve gruplar arasında fark olmadığı belirlendi (p>0,05).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda atletizm atlamalar branşı sporcularında gastrocnemius kasına uygulanan kinezyo bantlama fasilitasyon ve inhibisyon kas tekniklerinin dikey sıçrama performansına etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi.