Hanh An Nguyen

Cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. The development of drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and poor therapeutic selectivity continues to limit the efficacy of conventional treatments. Multi-target therapeutic agents that can modulate complex oncogenic networks are gaining increasing interest among natural products. Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. is a medicinal plant that is a promising source of bioactive compounds with high anticancer potential. This review summarizes the current evidence on the anticancer activities of A. galanga extracts and its major phytochemicals, including 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), 1′-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), galangin, chrysin, pinocembrin, and related flavonoids. Mechanistically, these compounds modulate various hallmarks of cancer by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, cell-cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory signaling, and metastatic pathways, particularly NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and p53-associated networks. Recent findings have shed light on the emerging roles of A. galanga compounds in overcoming resistance to targeted therapy, suppressing immune evasion through efferocytosis, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, and augmenting chemosensitivity and immunotherapeutic responses. Importantly, advances in nanotechnology-based formulations, such as lipid nanocarriers, exosome-mediated delivery systems, and biomimetic nanovaccines, have greatly improved the translational potential of galangin and other phytochemicals by improving their bioavailability, tumor targeting, and immune activation. This review also provides a critical discussion of the current pharmacokinetic limitations, translational challenges, and future opportunities for integrating A. galanga-derived compounds in precision oncology and combination-based cancer therapies. Collectively, the available evidence suggests that A. galanga is a platform with mechanistic versatility and clinical promise for next-generation anticancer therapeutics.

Early diagnosis markedly improves therapeutic efficacy, recovery, and disease control. Microfluidic platforms based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification enable sensitive, rapid, and low‐volume detection of disease markers. This review provides a critical analysis of the integration of isothermal amplification techniques with microfluidic platforms for early detection of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, and genetic disorders. Key isothermal amplification methods—including loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and helicase‐dependent amplification (HDA)—are evaluated in terms of their underlying mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. The complementary combination of isothermal nucleic acid amplification with microfluidics represents a promising approach to enhance the early diagnostic of clinical samples. Importantly, the translation of these platforms into clinical practice has been validated through patient‐based studies and clinical trials, confirming their reliability as point‐of‐care diagnostics. Ongoing research continues to refine these technologies, resulting in several commercial products that address evolving diagnostic needs. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches for automated signal interpretation and accelerated diagnostics is discussed. This review summarizes the current landscape of point‐of‐care devices and highlights strategies to enhance clinical outcomes, improve patient validation, and address current limitations.

A novel approach integrating paper-based DNA extraction with digitized image analysis – assisted colorimetric LAMP was developed for colorimetric detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus .

This study developed a nanoantibiotic based on bimetallic gold–platinum nanorods with enzyme-like activity for potential antimicrobial therapy.

A portable and fully-integrated point-of-care molecular diagnostic device detecting pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying pir A gene which causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease in shrimp is developed.

The unique properties of gold nanoparticles enhance nucleic acid-based detection by enabling photothermal heating, improving sensitivity and specificity, and offering a range of detection strategies.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) involves plenty of genetic disorders in organisms that can be passed down to the next generation or cause the stimulant signal that leads to early mortality in infants, especially within humankind. In medical field, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most popular method for disease diagnosis. The investigation of genetic maps for the prediction of inherited illnesses needs the collaboration of sequencing technique and genome analysis. Although these methods are popular now, the cost for each test is quite high. Moreover, there is the requirement of extra machines and skillful technician or specialist level. Among these popular methods, the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR), allele-specific loop isothermal mediated amplification (AS-LAMP), and allele-specific recombinase polymerase amplification (AS-RPA) are brought up for screening the nucleotide differences in the genetic sequence which will be noticed in this review as their availability, novelty, and potential for quick distinguishing of disease caused by SNP. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a system built in a portable size but can perform the entire process of SNP recognition. Along with that, the POCT is intersected with the mentioned amplification methods and the genetic material preparation steps to become a united framework for higher efficiency and accuracy and lower cost. According to that, this review will focus on three common amplification techniques and their combination with POCT in the upstream and downstream process to genotype SNP related to human diseases.

This review first describes mechanisms of Fenton/Fenton-like reaction for colorimetric detection; then, recent advances in developing Fenton/Fenton-like reaction assisted by nanotechnology as well as nanomaterials are discussed.

The development of nanotechnology has led to the rapid growth of many different fields, including sensors. In this review, colorimetric sensors based on the AuNP material platforms for DNA detection will be discussed in detail.

Baccaurea ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau is a specialty fruit in Can Tho City, Viet Nam, and exhibits a potential economic value. However, its genomic data have not been reported. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of B. ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau using the Illumina sequencing platform, which has a quadripartite structure, including a large single copy (LSC), a small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeat (IR) regions. The size of the genome was 161,378 bp (made up of 36.7% GC content), which was composed of an 89,801 bp LSC (34.3% GC), an 18,833 bp SSC (30.8% GC), and two 26,372 bp IR (42.7% GC) regions. The newly sequenced chloroplast genome contained 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Notably, the infA gene contained an internal stop codon whereas only rps16 exon2 remained in the complete chloroplast genome of B. ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau. Comparative genomic analyses indicated a high similarity of the chloroplast genome among B. ramiflora individuals regarding genome structure and gene content. However, B. ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau exhibited a lower pairwise identity in comparison with its counterparts. Further phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the sister relationship between B. ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau and other B. ramiflora individuals. This study provides initial genomic data for further studies examining evolutionary history, molecular markers, and genetic populations of B. ramiflora cultivar Ha Chau and its related species in Phyllanthaceae.