Ebru Coteli

Bryophytes are an underexplored source of natural compounds with diverse biological activities. In this study evaluated the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties of methanol and acetone extracts of Timmia megapolitana. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical scavenging methods, while antidiabetic activity was assessed based on α-amylase inhibition. Both extracts exhibited concentration dependent antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activities. The acetone extract exhibited higher activity than the methanol extract against DPPH•, ABTS•+, and α-amylase, with IC₅₀ values of 794.13, 752.37, and 939.84 µg/mL, respectively. In the methanol extract, the corresponding IC₅₀ values were 888.84, 834.04, and 971.55 µg/mL, respectively. Although both extracts were less active than the reference compounds, their concentration-dependent activities demonstrated their biological potential. The antimicrobial activity of T. megapolitana extracts was assessed against ten bacterial and two yeast strains. The efficacy of the extracts was determined by disk diffusion (ZOI) and liquid microdilution (MIC) methods. The acetone extract showed high antifungal activity against C. albicans with a 25 mm inhibition zone and a MIC value of 16 µg/mL. The methanol extract showed remarkable antibacterial effect against S. typhimurium with a ZOI of 18 mm and a MIC value of 16 µg/mL. Moderate effects were observed against B. cereus and S. dysenteriae, but some standard strains such as S. aureus and E. coli were resistant. Overall, T. megapolitana demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and certain Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting that it could be a potential source of bioactive compounds.

This study explores the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial potential of Palustriella commutata, Philonotis calcarea, Cinclidotus riparius, Rhynchostegium riparioides, Plagiomnium ellipticum, and Porella platyphylla, with a focus on bryophyte species phenolic constituents and biological activities. HPLC analysis identified seven phenolic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, and p-coumaric acid) across all species in varying concentrations. In in vitro antimicrobial tests, the bryophyte extracts used showed significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), while exhibiting relatively lower inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The study showed that all species extracts exhibited comparable activity to erythromycin against P. aeruginosa, while Cinclidotus riparius and Plagiomnium ellipticum extracts showed no activity against S. aureus, and the remaining species exhibited lower activity compared to erythromycin. Molecular docking studies demonstrated strong binding affinities of these phenolics to the active site of the target macromolecule (PDB ID: 3FRQ), suggesting meaningful interactions with residues such as ARG122 and ASN123, similar to erythromycin binding patterns. The findings indicate that bryophyte-derived phenolic compounds possess significant antimicrobial potential and may serve as promising candidates for the development of novel bioactive agents. This study provides a broad framework for the insufficiently researched antimicrobial potential of bryophytes by establishing direct links between species-specific phenolic fingerprints, experimentally observed antibacterial activities, and predicted receptor-level interactions. Further complementary biological studies are needed to confirm and expand upon these results.

Bryophytes constitute an important group of plants whose biological activities have not been sufficiently studied. The numerous bioactive compounds in their structures make them significant. In this study the in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of acetone and methanol extracts of Pohlia wahlenbergii moss were evaluated. In determining antioxidant activity, the inhibitory powers of these extracts against two different radicals, DPPH. and ABTS.+ were measured. The results were compared with standard ascorbic acid results. In addition, the α-amylase enzyme inhibition of these extracts was measured to determine their antidiabetic activity. The drug acarbose was used to compare the results. The highest DPPH. and ABTS.⁺ radical scavenging was observed in the acetone extract, with IC₅₀ values of 1.509 and 1.301 mg/mL, respectively. The ABTS.+ radical removal activity was found to be stronger. Antidiabetic activity was determined by α-amylase enzyme inhibition, which was found to be highest in the methanol extract (1.792 mg/mL). The extracts were determined to possess antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. In addition, the in vitro antimicrobial potential of extracts from Pohlia wahlenbergii against various pathogenic microorganisms has been evaluated. Results showed strong antifungal activity, with the acetone extract outperforming the standard drug Fluconazole, exhibiting a 25 mm inhibition zone against Candida albicans and an MIC of 16 µg/mL. The methanol extract also demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial effects, notably a 20 mm inhibition zone against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhimurium. The selective antimicrobial properties of Pohlia wahlenbergii indicate its potential as a source for developing new natural antibiotics and antifungal agents.

Nanoparticles are substances with dimensions smaller than 100 nm. Nowadays, nanoparticles can be synthesized by many methods. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were made using the green synthesis approach, using aqueous extracts of the pine mistletoe plant (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) and CuSO₄ metal salt. The formation of CuNPs was determined both by observing the color change and by the UV-vis method. Especially peaks were observed around the leaf (567 nm), fruit (560 nm), and branch (565 nm). Specific functional groups involved in the formation of CuNPs and the reduction of Cu0 were determined by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, SEM and EDS analyses of the synthesized CuNPs show that they are nanosized and their average size is less than 100 nm. In particular, it was determined that the size of fruit-derived CuNPs was the smallest (between 23.21 and 54.63 nm), and all synthesized CuNPs were spherical in shape. In addition, the antioxidant capacities of these plant extracts and CuNPs synthesized from them were investigated. For this purpose, DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical scavenging activities of the samples were determined. The DPPH• radical IC50 value of CuNPs obtained from the aqueous extract of fruit was determined as 151.41 µg/mL, and the ABTS•+ radical IC50 value was 160.43 µg/mL. The antioxidant results were compared with the standard ascorbic acid results. Furthermore, copper nanoparticles obtained from fruit extract were found to have the highest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of all samples were examined. In particular, the antiquorum activity of CuNPs synthesized from plant parts of V. album was determined for the first time. As a result, it was determined that the copper nanoparticles obtained from these plant parts had superior antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Substances smaller than 100 nm in size are called nanoparticles. In this study silver nanoparticle synthesis was carried out by using AgNO3 from leaf, fruit, and branch aqueous extracts of the mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) plant. It was determined whether silver nanoparticles were formed using the UV-Vis method. As a result of UV-Vis analysis of plant parts, peaks were observed at 425, 427, and 430 nm, indicating the surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs. Specific functional groups involved in the formation of AgNPs and reduction of Ag were determined using FT-IR spectroscopy. SEM and EDS analyses determined that the synthesized silver nanoparticle samples were nanosized, and the average size was 59.91. In addition to the crystallite size calculated from XRD diffraction, it was observed that the crystallite size of all silver nanoparticles obtained was in the nanometer range, and the nanoparticle peaks were the same as the peaks of pure silver. Considering the antioxidant results of the study, it was determined that the highest total phenolic and flavonoid amounts were in the leaf extract (35.57±1.39 mg GAE/g extract) and fruit extract (23.42±1.29 mg QE), respectively. Additionally, it was determined that the highest radical scavenging activity was in the fruit AgNPs sample (IC50 129.24±1.38 μg/mL). Additionally, it was determined that the highest antidiabetic activity (α-amylase inhibition) was in the fruit AgNPs sample (IC50 123.59±1.44 μg/mL). As a result, it was determined that silver nanoparticles obtained from these plant parts had superior antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties.

Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte is a plant planted for landscaping, and its sour and red fruits have been seen to be frequently used in the treatment of diabetes, making vinegar marmalade, and producing natural food dyes. Apart from these usage areas of this plant, it is aimed at determining the phytochemical content. For this purpose, plant parts (fruit, leaf, and branch) were examined. The antioxidant capacity (vitamins A, E, and C, lycopene, beta-carotene, total phenolic and flavonoid amounts, and DPPH radical scavenging effect), antimicrobial activity (agar well diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration-MIC), and GC-MS contents of plant parts were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), spectrophotometers, and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) methods were used in the study. It was determined that M. floribunda fruit is rich in lycopene, beta-carotene, and antioxidant vitamins and contains many biomolecules. In addition, it was concluded that the extracts of different parts of the plant have antimicrobial activity. This study has revealed the idea that this plant, whose phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial content has been determined, can be used as a bioactive substance equivalent to antibiotics in medicine, the food industry, and human nutrition. In addition, it is expected that the study will contribute to the plant literature. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the binding interactions between the compound and human peroxiredoxin 5 and S. aureus. Both in vitro and in silico results indicated that synthesized extracts could act as potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.

İndazoller kimya ve farmakoloji’de önemli bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, ratlara belirli sürelerde enjekte edilen 1H,1'H-3,3'-biindazol maddesinin, ratların kan serumu, karaciğer ve böbrekteki antioksidan vitaminler (A, E, C), Se, MDA miktarları ile GSH-Px enzim aktiviteleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Serum, karaciğer ve böbrek numunelerindeki selenyum miktarları florimetrik metotla, A, E, C ve MDA seviyeleri ise yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) ile belirlenmiştir. Eritrositlerin GSH-Px enzim aktivite miktarları spektrofotometrik metotla ölçülmüştür. Deneysel sonuçlarımız, A, E, C vitaminleri ve Se düzeylerinin genel olarak kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük olduğu, 3. enjeksiyon periyodunda GSH-Px enzim aktivite miktarının maksimum arttığı ve diğer enjeksiyon periyodlarındaki aktivitelerin kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir. 1H,1'H-3,3'-biindazolmaddesi uygulamasından sonra ratların A, E, C vitaminleri ve Se düzeyleri azalırken, MDA seviyeleri ve GSH-Px enzim aktivite miktarlarının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Pek çok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılan bu tıbbi maddelerin hayati önem taşıdığı ancak metabolizmada oksidatif strese yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Bu maddeleri içeren ilaçların kullanımlarında antioksidan vitaminlerin ve selenium desteğinin faydalı olabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, iki farklı dozda (10 ve 40 µg/mL) krom III klorür (CrCl3.6H2O) tuzuna maruz kalan maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)’ların ortamına 10, 15 ve 20 µg/mL C vitamini katıldı. Daha sonra mayaların 12, 24 ve 36. saat sonra canlılık oranları belirlendi. Bu mayaların A, E, C vitaminleri, glutatyon (GSH ve GSSG) ve malondialdehit (MDA) miktarları HPLC ile tayin edildi. Artan krom dozu ve süreye bağlı olarak canlılık oranlarında, GSH, A, E ve C vitamini miktarlarında azalma, GSSG ve MDA miktarlarında ise artmaların olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca artan C vitamini dozuna bağlı olarak canlılık oranları, GSH, A, E ve C vitamini miktarlarında artma, GSSG ve MDA miktarlarında azalmaların olduğu gözlendi. Artan krom dozuyla mayalarda metabolik strese bağlı olarak serbest radikal oluşumunda artış olduğu, bunun indirekt göstergesi olan MDA miktarında artışlar ve GSH/GSSG oranında ise azalmalar olduğu belirlendi. Tüm bu bulgulardan kromun; serbest radikal oluşumunu artırdığı ve ortama ilave edilen C vitamininin antioksidan özelliğinden dolayı, serbest radikal oluşumunu azalttığı gözlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Bryum argenteum, Imbribryum mildeanum, Ptychostomum imbricatulum (I, II), Ptychostomum moravicum (I, II, III) ve Ptychostomum capillare türlerindeki okside glutatyon (GSSG) ile redükte glutatyon (GSH) miktarları Yüksek Performanslı Sıvı Kromatografisi (HPLC) cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Türlerin GSH ve GSSG miktarları sırasıyla; Bryum argenteum 232.70 ± 13.40 µg/g ve 4,22 ± 1.20 µg/g; Imbribryum mildeanum 135.55 ± 6.66 µg/g ve 26.97 ± 2.50 µg/g; Ptychostomum imbricatulum (I) 107.44 ± 8.71 µg/g ve 153.05 ± 9.85 µg/g; Ptychostomum imbricatulum (II) 207.97 ± 13.58 µg/g ve 107.67 ± 4.55 µg/g; Ptychostomum moravicum (I) 172.89 ± 6.35 µg/g ve 12.53 ± 2.59 µg/g; Ptychostomum moravicum (II) 172.15 ± 6.62 µg/g ve 20.48 ± 2.54 µg/g; Ptychostomum moravicum (III) 176.84 ± 6.49 µg/g ve 28.86 ± 4.59 µg/g ve Ptychostomum capillare 234.38 ± 5.79 µg/g ve 6.58 ± 1.91 µg/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, Bryaceae familyasına ait bu türlerin, Glutatyon (GSH ve GSSG) miktarları bakımından çok iyi birer kaynak olduklarını göstermiştir. Yüksek glutatyon içeriklerinden dolayı bu familya ve türlerinin, antioksidan özellikte bitkiler oldukları ve çeşitli alanlarda ham madde kaynağı olarak kullanılabilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.