Alim Koşar

Objectives: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ1) is involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. It provides this effect both by disrupting the thiol-disulfide balance and through the cancer-upregulated gene (CUG2) and transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI) genes in the signaling pathway. In this study, the roles of TGFβ1 and related genes, as well as thiol-disulfide balance, in the formation of prostate cancer and metastasis were investigated. Methods: Tissue samples were taken from 33 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 35 prostate cancer (PC) patients to determine the Gleason score and metastasis. TGFβ1, CUG2, and TGFBI gene expression levels were measured by RT-PCR. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured in patients, and PSA density (PSAD) was calculated. Total thiol and native thiol measurements in serum were performed spectrophotometrically, and disulfide was calculated. Results: In patients with prostate cancer and metastases, PSA and PSAD levels were high, while total thiol and native thiol were significantly lower (p<0.05). TGFβ1, CUG2 and TGFBI gene expression levels were higher in patients with prostate cancer and metastases and were negatively correlated with total thiol and native thiol (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a result of our study, we determined that the increase in TGFβ1, CUG 2 and TGFBI in prostate cancer plays an important role in cancer formation and metastasis by disrupting the thiol-disulfide balance.

Mesane kanseri ürogenital sistemin en sık görülen ikinci kanseridir. Tanı anında %25’ i kasa invaze (KIMK) olan mesane kanserinde altın standart tedavi radikal sistektomi ve lenf nodu diseksiyonudur. Radikal sistektomi sonrası uygulanacak üriner diversiyon tipine hastaların bireysel sağlık durumu ve mesane kanseri evresi değerlendirilerek karar verilir. Üreter anastomuzu esnasında beslenmesine dikkat edilmeli ve üreter nekrozundan kaçınılmalıdır. Bu olguda radikal sistektomi sonrası erken dönemde gelişen üreter nekrozunda üreterovezikal anastomozda apendiks kullanımı ve literatür sonuçları taranmıştır.

This study aimed to determine the efficacy of ultrasound therapy in patients with primary nocturnal enuresis. Thirty-five patients with enuresis were included the study. Patients were divided into two groups: 27 patients with enuresis were treated with ultrasound with irradiation and heating, and eight patients with enuresis were treated with ultrasound without irradiation or heating (placebo group). Ultrasound therapy was performed using the Therasonic 350 machine. The ultrasound therapy was applied to the skin of lumbosacral region. A treatment course of ultrasound comprised 10 sessions of 0.8 W/cm2 intensity applied daily for 8 min. Symptoms were evaluated I week, and 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment. Twenty-two (81.5%) patients responded to the ultrasound therapy at the first week after the treatment. The effect of ultrasound started immediately after the treatment and continued during the 12 months of the follow-up period. Ultrasound therapy seems to be effective in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in the 1 year follow-up period.

We report a 49-year-old woman with exstrophy of the bladder. Our living case constitutes a rare example of bladder exstrophy cases, who lived about 50 years without any severe complication or intervention.