Suci Wulandari

Sustainable coffee production is significantly threatened by climate change. While implementing CSA practices offers numerous benefits, adoption rates remain low. Coffee plantations are dominated by smallholders and located in rural areas, making them more complex and requiring a comprehensive analysis and intervention. This study used an exploratory approach to assess farmers’ preferences for CSA practices, identify barriers to implement, and design a support system model. The investigation focused on Arabica and Robusta farmers, with case studies from two Indonesian production centres. Preferences assessment used conjoint analysis, barriers evaluation used Mann–Whitney analysis, model development used synthetic approaches, and priority analysis used the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The study revealed that diversification is more desirable than cultivation, soil management, and water management. Arabica farmers preferred intercropping with annual crops, whereas Robusta farmers preferred perennials crops. Robusta farmers assessed that agricultural inputs, such as labor, capital, climatic data, and farm equipment and machinery, existed as barriers. However, these represent a lesser issue for Arabica farmers. We proposed agricultural innovation support system, consisting of innovation support facilities and services, as a comprehensive support system model to accelerate CSA implementation. Further analysis showed that the priority strategy for Arabica farmers is support services that focus on network development, while for Robusta farmers is support facilities that focus on climate information system development.

The achievement of expanding the area and volume of Indonesian palm oil production does not in line with the productivity. The productivity of Indonesian oil palm is inseparable from the age of the plants, most of which have exceeded their productive age. In addition, there are indications that the use of illegitimate seeds is relatively significant, causing yield gaps to potential productivity. Efforts to increase the productivity and sustainability of oil palm plantations have been carried out by forming a particular agency that collects and manages oil palm plantation funds. One of the programs to increase productivity and sustainability is the “Replanting of Smallholder Palm Oil (PSR)” with a grant scheme for participating farmers selected based on specific requirements. The progress of replanting realization is plodding. The target of 180,000 hectares per year cannot be realized. Accelerated breakthroughs without neglecting the primary mission of increasing productivity and sustainability are very urgent. This paper describes the results of a review on the importance of supporting seed institutional innovation for the acceleration of PSR towards increasing productivity and sustainability of Indonesian oil palm plantations.

Climate change significantly impacts coffee production and quality. On the other side, the coffee plantation is dominated by smallholder plantations with limited capabilities. Farmers have implemented Climate-Smart Agriculture by improving the cultivation system. However, the level of technology adoption at the farmer level is not optimal due to the capacity and resources of farmers and the technology dissemination support system. This study aims to analyze the environmental management implementation in coffee smallholder plantations and design an Agricultural Innovation System to accelerate its implementation. The study was carried out in the Robusta coffee development area in Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Environmental management in coffee smallholder plantations is related to water management, soil management, and integrated pest diseases management. The application of CSA practices is limited to a few farmers. Smallholder plantations have limited resources, weak risk management, limited access to finance and technology. Farmer organizations, networks, and social capital management have not been developed optimally. Hence the Agricultural Innovation System for supporting environmental management implementation on coffee plantations becomes strategic. The system consists of research and education, agribusiness, bridging system, and innovation ecosystem as a supporting environment.

Smart farming is becoming increasingly important in providing technology infrastructure for the coffee agribusiness to develop a competitive value chain. On the other side, most coffee smallholders are characterized by limited access to technology and low technology adoption. As development and exploitation of technological capabilities, technology management would be a strategic way to promote smart farming implementation. Hence, this study aims twofold: (1) to identify the constraints in smart farming implementation, and (2) formulate technology management strategy in supporting smart farming for the coffee smallholder. The study was conducted in West Lampung, and the analysis method used pairwise comparison by using Saaty’s scale. The analysis reveals that respondents’ constraints related to knowledge and skills, technology, information, capital, organizational, and resources aspects. The results of this study provide useful information about technoware, humanware, inforware, orgaware, and cysnetware, as components of technology management, to support smart farming for the coffee smallholder.

Sustainable agriculture aims to improve productivity, conserve the environment, promote social welfare, and improve economic efficiency. The productivity of white pepper smallholders in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, was the highest in Indonesia at 1.4 tons/ha, and some smallholders reached more than 6 tons/ha. This research aimed to study the cultivation practices and evaluate sustainability from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. The method used in this research was a case-study on accomplished smallholders in Ranteangin Village, Towuti District. Pepper smallholders’ outstanding cultivation practices that threaten sustainability from environmental and social perspectives were clean land clearing, monoculture planting pattern, utilization of wood supports, clean weeding, and processing. While from an economic perspective, most cultivation practices were sustainable because the higher cost incurred can be offset by higher productivity. Strategies to develop sustainable cultivation practices are implementing more appropriate technologies such as minimum tillage application, multispecies planting of cover crops, live tree supports, and waste treatment in product processing.