Shanshan Yin

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate a Physical Fitness Test Anxiety Scale (FTAS) for Chinese college students and assess its scientificity and applicability through reliability and validity testing.Methods: The initial scale was constructed through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews, followed by item analysis and factor analysis to optimize the scale structure. Multiple statistical methods were used to test the scale’s reliability and validity.Results: The final scale consists of 12 items, covering two dimensions: cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. The model fit was good (χ²/df = 2.29, RMSEA = 0.051, IFI, CFI, TLI, GFI, AGFI >0.90). The internal consistency coefficients for the total scale and the two dimensions ranged from 0.903 to 0.928, with split-half reliability between 0.804 and 0.899. The average variance extracted (AVE) ranged from 0.575 to 0.667, and the composite reliability (CR) ranged from 0.904 to 0.950.Conclusion: The Physical Fitness Test Anxiety Scale for college students has good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing the physical fitness test anxiety levels of college students.

(1) Background: There is increasing evidence showing the health benefits of exercise on carotid atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the different exercise modes for carotid atherosclerosis. This study was designed to perform a meta-analysis of effect of different exercise modes on carotid atherosclerosis so as to provide evidence-based suggestions for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. (2) Methods: Six databases were systematically searched to identify randomized trials that compared exercise to a non-exercise intervention in patient with carotid atherosclerosis. We a priori specified changes in cIMT, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C biomarkers as outcomes. (3) Results: Thirty-four trials met the eligibility criteria, comprising 2420 participants. The main analyses showed pronounced differences on cIMT (MD = −0.06, 95%CI (−0.09, −0.04), p < 0.00001, TC (MD = −0.41, 95%CI (−0.58, −0.23), p < 0.00001), LDL-C (MD = −0.31, 95%CI (−0.43, −0.20), p < 0.00001), and HDL-C (MD = 0.11, 95%CI (0.04, 0.19), p = 0.004), which significantly reduced the risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis disease. In the different exercise modes, the effect was pronounced for aerobic exercise for all outcomes except TC; high-intensity interval exercise also showed significance for all outcomes except TC and HDL-C; aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercise did not affect any outcome except HDL-C; (4) Conclusions: Exercise has a prominent prevention and improvement effect on carotid atherosclerosis. In the perspective of exercise pattern, aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise can improve carotid atherosclerosis; however, aerobic exercise has a more comprehensive improvement effect.