Sandeep Dhull

Background: Badminton officials play a crucial role in ensuring fair play and accurate decision-making during competitions. However, officiating tasks are performed under high cognitive demands, time pressure, and social stressors, which can influence physiological responses and cognitive performance. Empirical evidence examining stress dynamics in badminton officials using objective physiological indicators remains limited. Methods: This study employed a descriptive repeated-measures design involving 102 certified badminton officials during a national-level competition. Heart rate data were recorded across five conditions: early morning rest, sitting near the referee table, during game intervals, between matches, and after competition. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated-measures ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests to identify differences in physiological responses across officiating situations. Result: Heart rate values increased progressively from resting conditions to peak levels during game intervals and between matches, indicating heightened physiological stress, before decreasing after the competition. Significant differences were observed across all measurement conditions (p < .001). Key stressors included spectator noise, high cognitive load, time pressure, and interpersonal and organizational demands. Elevated arousal levels suggested delayed physiological recovery during continuous officiating duties. Conclusion: Badminton officiating is associated with substantial physiological stress, particularly during critical match phases. Sustained stress may negatively affect cognitive and emotional functioning. The findings highlight the importance of implementing effective coping strategies, such as controlled breathing, mindfulness, and structured recovery routines, to support officials’ performance, well-being, and long-term officiating capacity.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of targeted exercise interventions on improving the gait cycle to enhance mobility and quality of life. Given that the gait cycle comprising the stance and swing phases is fundamental to efficient and balanced locomotion, disruptions in this cycle can severely affect mobility and daily functioning. Methods: A literature review approach was employed to examine various free-hand exercises focusing primarily on the hamstring and calf muscles. Key exercises such as squats and knee-to chest movements were selected for their role in targeting essential muscle groups and functional aspects related to gait, including strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination. Results: Findings from the reviewed literature indicate that targeted exercises significantly contribute to correcting gait cycle abnormalities. These interventions enhance muscle strength, flexibility, balance, and coordination, which are all critical components of a healthy gait. Furthermore, these exercises support the rehabilitation process following injury by restoring proper movement patterns. Conclusion: Integrating targeted exercise interventions specifically those that strengthen the hamstring and calf muscles is effective in rehabilitating injuries and correcting gait dysfunctions. This contributes to improved mobility, balance, and overall quality of life, highlighting the importance of such exercises in both clinical and preventive rehabilitation programs.

Physical education courses, traditionally a blend of theory and practice for their own department students, are often delivered as purely theoretical classes for students from non-physical education disciplines enrolled in Generic Elective Courses (GEC). This approach can lead to disengagement and boredom, as students are already exposed to multiple theoretical classes throughout the day. To address this issue, the Department of Physical Education at the Central University of Haryana revised its GEC curriculum to include practical sessions alongside theoretical content. This study explores the impact of this curriculum revision on student engagement and physical fitness. Feedback from 200 postgraduate students, aged 20-25, indicated a strong preference for incorporating practical sessions into the curriculum, with 98% of respondents favoring this change. The revised curriculum allocated two hours per week for physical activities, aimed at enhancing student engagement and promoting the importance of physical fitness. The effectiveness of the new curriculum was assessed through a one-minute push-up test, measuring upper body strength at the beginning and end of the semester. Initial results showed that 50% of the students struggled to complete the test. However, by the end of the semester, 96% of students successfully completed the one-minute push-up test, indicating significant improvement in physical fitness. The study concludes that integrating practical sessions into GEC physical education courses not only improves student engagement but also enhances physical fitness. It highlights the need for a balanced approach, combining theory with hands-on activities, to foster holistic development. The findings suggest that other departments offering practical-oriented courses could benefit from incorporating similar practical components into their curricula.

Purpose - walking gait analysis is a critical field within biomechanics, providing essential insights into human motion for applications in medical diagnostics, rehabilitation, sports science, and robotics. This study presents a comprehensive review of gait analysis techniques, examining their applications, strengths, and limitations. Method - The gait cycle, comprising stance and swing phases, is analyzed using methods such as visual gait analysis, kinematic and kinetic analysis, electromyography (EMG), motion capture systems, and wearable sensors. Visual gait analysis, despite its qualitative nature, is enhanced by quantitative approaches that offer objective data. Kinematic analysis tracks limb movements, while kinetic analysis measures forces exerted during gait. EMG reveals muscle activity, aiding in neuromuscular diagnosis. Advanced technologies like motion capture and wearable sensors provide detailed and portable monitoring capabilities. Result - Integrating these methods offers a holistic view of gait, essential for clinical interventions, athletic performance enhancement, and the development of assistive technologies. Conclusion - This study underscores the importance of multi-faceted gait analysis for advancing understanding and treatment of gait abnormalities.

Purpose: The study's objective was to compare the chosen Physiological variables indicating Obesity Status among Physical Education Students and Humanities Students. Methodology: For the purpose of the study, 21 participants (8 Physical Education Students and 13 Humanities Students) of age 20-24 years were chosen from Department of Physical Education and Sports and Department of Sociology of Central University of Haryana, Mahendargarh. To achieve the study's goals, simple random sampling technique was used, Body Composition Analyzer a leading Physiological assessment tool was used for measuring parameters named Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Mass (BFM) & Percent Body Fat (PBF), of students of Physical Education and Humanities. As a statistical method, the independent sample "T" test was used. Findings: A 0.05 alpha level was chosen. Because the t value was insignificant (p>0.05), the statistical analysis of the results and comparison of the two groups revealed no statistically significant difference in mean Body Fat Mass (BFM), Percent Body Fat (PBF), and Body Mass Index (BMI). The outcome demonstrated that the similarity between these parameters was either due to similar Diet provided by the University to both the groups in the University Hostel Mess or the daily long-distance walking done by the Physical Education as well as the Humanities students from the Hostels to their respective classes.

Introduction. Plyometric training is done in many ways, but countermovement jumps and squat jumps are easy and safe methods involving minimal use of equipment to increase lower body muscular power. There is enough evidence in the literature to support the notion that plyometric training increases vertical jump height. But the combination of countermovement jumps and squat jumps and its impact on vertical jump height is still unclear. Purpose. Therefore, to examine the importance of various plyometric training techniques, this meta-analytical evaluation was created. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched through August 2022. Empirical studies are expressed in the English language and issued within the last twenty-eight years. Included squat jump and countermovement jump interventions for improving vertical jump height. The studies used a training duration of a minimum of four weeks or above involving a control group included. As an approach to plyometric training that raises vertical jump height, the effects of countermovement jump and squat jump training were evaluated. To assess the level of heterogeneity, the I2 statistics were utilized. The value of I2 above 75% indicates significant heterogeneity and leads to the subgroup analysis method. Summary effects were calculated using standardized mean difference. With the help of the Cochrane tool, the risk of bias was assessed. Results: The 22 study results all met the enclosure criteria. The meta-analysis indicated that the total impact of squat jumps training had high effects on vertical jump height [Effect Size = 0.96, (95% CI,0.57 to 1.35)]. A moderate degree [Effect Size = 0.91, (95 % CI,0.46 to 1.37)] of effects of countermovement jumps training on vertical jump height was reported by included interventions. Lesser than 10 weeks of plyometric training intervention duration they probably had a small effect on countermovement jumps [Effect Size = 0.79, (95 % CI, 0.30 to 1.29)]. Conclusion: Squat jumps and countermovement jumps are an efficient kind of training to increase the vertical jump height of male and female athletes, according to our study on plyometric training. Higher posttests mean differences were found in the studies including male subjects. The length of intervention has proportional effects on vertical jump height the recommended length of training should lie between 8 to 12 weeks. The effect size ranged between small to large degrees was observed in overall and subgroup analysis.

This article explores the role of physical educators in mitigating the health risks associated with increasing screen time among adolescents. With the rise of technology, young people are spending more time engaged with digital devices, leading to a range of health issues. Physical educators can play a vital role in promoting healthy habits, physical activity, and social and emotional development to mitigate the negative effects of screen time. The paper provides an overview of the impacts of excessive screen time on physical and mental health. Physical health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other health issues, as well as mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression, are associated with excessive screen time. The paper highlights the critical role of physical educators in promoting a balanced lifestyle by incorporating technology-free activities and encouraging physical activity to promote overall health. The paper also discusses the various roles of physical educators, including providing personalized physical activity plans, promoting mindfulness, educating on nutrition and healthy habits, and advocating for physical education. The paper emphasizes the need for physical educators to collaborate with other health professionals, such as school nurses and counsellors, to develop comprehensive health and wellness programs for students. The paper concludes with prospects for physical educators to address the issue of excessive screen time among adolescents. Physical educators can integrate technology into physical education programs and advocate for increased physical education and reduced screen time in schools. They can also work to promote access to technology and provide resources for students who may not have access to digital devices at home.