Angelina O. Vlasova

Ferroptosis is a form of regulated iron-dependent cell death driven by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and the disruption of redox homeostasis. This review systematizes current data on the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of major urological malignancies, including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma. The relationship between the specific metabolic profile of genitourinary tumors and their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation is analyzed. Mechanisms of ferroptosis suppression associated with androgen receptor activity, intracytoplasmic lipid metabolism, and the functioning of antioxidant defense systems are examined. Special emphasis is placed on the morphological criteria and ultrastructural features that enable the verification of ferroptosis in tumor tissue.

Background. Prostate cancer is the most common malignant disease in men. Obtaining high quality and diagnostically accurate tissue samples is paramount to the success of prostate cancer research. Collecting unfixed tissues from radical prostatectomy specimens for research purposes is challenging. Prostate cancer often cannot be detected on gross examination, and this tumor is known to be multifocal and heterogeneous making it of interest for interdisciplinary research.Aim. To develop a protocol that will improve the accuracy and quantity of biobanked primary prostate cancer tissue.Materials and methods. The removed unfixed prostate gland was dissected with a blade into two halves along the ureter, the tumor lesion was identified macroscopically, two sections were made: the first was separated into fragments and transferred into cryotubes and transport media for biobanking storage; the second was filled with gel, and frozen sectioning and histological verification of the tumor were performed.Results. Tumor was detected in frozen sections in 78.95 % (30/38) of cases. The mean time from organ removal from the abdominal cavity to macroscopic evaluation was 8–10 minutes, and the total time for histological verification was 30 minutes. The quality control performed on the biobanked material confirms that the developed protocol guarantees that both tumors and normal tissues are represented for further studies.Conclusion. This paper outlines a method for biobanking fresh prostate tissue removed during radical prostatectomy. The advantage of the method is the use of tissue samples both for diagnosis and for further study at the cellular and molecular levels.

Morphological subchondral bone tissue alterations associated with knee osteoarthritis represent a key pathogenesis link and can precede articular cartilage destruction. The study aimed to identify typical morphological and morphometric signs of osteosclerosis and osteoporosis in the subchondral zone of the femur and tibia. Analysis of 40 bone tissue fragments collected when performing knee replacement surgery in 20 patients (12 females and 8 males) aged 58–75 years with stage III–IV osteoarthritis was performed. Histological and morphometric assessment involving the use of light microscopy and microfracture index (MFI) calculation revealed significant differences in trabecular thickness, intertrabecular distance, and the degree of microdamage between the sites of sclerosis and osteoporosis. High MFI values in the zones of osteoporosis can reflect reduced subchondral bone strength. The findings confirm the diagnostic value of the subchondral zone morphometry and the prospects of using MFI as a quantitative risk criterion when planning orthopedic treatment.

Introduction. In pathological practice, one of the primary histochemical methods for detecting early ischemic damage to cardiomyocytes is staining with hematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP), commonly known as the Lie method. HBFP staining results in red-brown staining of the sarcoplasm of ischemic cardiomyocytes due to basic fuchsin, while intact myocytes appear yellow due to picric acid. However, critical evaluations have raised concerns about using the Lie method in postmortem diagnosis. Therefore, to improve the diagnosis of early ischemic damage, it appears reasonable to supplement the Lie method with an equally accessible and informative histochemical approach, which is why our study included the Mallory staining method, as this technique employs acid fuchsin, but differs in its staining profile from the Lie method. Materials and methods. The study was performed using autopsy and experimental materials. The autopsy material included 23 samples of various nosologies accompanied by acute heart failure. The experimental material included 50 rats, in which two types of experiments modeled acute myocardial injury. The first one was conducted on 22 rats, in which ischemia was induced by perfusion arrest in isolated hearts using the Langendorff method. In the other 28 animals, ischemic injury was stimulated through forced swimming with a load until exhaustion. Results. Both Mallory and Lie staining methods allow for identifying a fuchsinophilic substrate indicative of ischemic damage to cardiomyocytes of various origins in both autopsy and experimental materials. Damaged cardiomyocytes positively stained with basic fuchsin appeared red-brown against an intact yellow background, while Mallory staining produced orange-red against a red-purple background. In the experimental models, the results of both staining methods were in full agreement, with Mallory staining demonstrating high sensitivity (96.88%) and specificity (92.31%). In sectional observations, staining results were consistent between the two methods in 82% of cases. Additionally, Mallory staining revealed areas of fibrosis when aniline blue was employed. Conclusion. Mallory trichrome staining can serve as a supplementary method for verifying ischemic myocardial damage in both autopsy and experimental materials. Beyond detecting early signs of ischemia, it also enables the assessment of chronic myocardial ischemia via visualization of fibrotic changes. The method is reproducible and accessible in everyday practice. Keywords: HBFP staining, Mallory staining, myocardial ischemia

BACKGROUND: Owing to the widespread prevalence of gum recession in the morbidity structure of the population, the search for optimal treatment tactics for patients with this pathology is crucial in dentistry. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with gum recession using the coronally displaced flap method and application of a phytoextract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 123 patients diagnosed with gum recession were clinically examined. During examination, all patients revealed a defect such as exposed roots in the area of the frontal group of teeth. Moreover, the size of the defect was measured, and the Miller class was determined. Then, complex treatment was performed, including conservative treatment and, if required, surgical intervention, as well as orthopedic treatment. RESULTS: In the surgical treatment of gum recession, flap operations were performed. On postoperative day 2, to achieve the best healing and regeneration of the gums, a phytoextract was applied. Over a 3-year period after treatment of patients with gum recession, the effectiveness of treatment was monitored, and relapses of the disease were detected. The following complications were identified after treatment of patients diagnosed with gum recession: transition from class I to II to Miller, 15% of cases; class II to III according to Miller, 19.5%; temporomandibular joint diseases during recession, 16.5%; and occlusal deformation during recession, 19.8%. Stabilization in class I recession occurred in 45.0% of patients, class II in 33.4%, and class III in 8.5%. CONCLUSION: The etiology and pathogenesis of gum recession requires long term treatment and observation and early diagnosis and an integrated approach. Therefore, new treatment methods that will be most effective and can be used in all age groups are required. One of these methods is the method developed by the authors for the treatment of gum recession using a coronally displaced flap and the application of a phytoextract, which has shown high effectiveness in the long term.