Tuba Ghani

Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs) serve as a pivotal force in boosting global economic advancement, with a particular emphasis on their vital role in developing countries. In Pakistan, SMEs account for over 90% of all businesses. Since the Pakistani SME sector includes a diverse range of economic sectors such as manufacturing, services, agriculture, tourism, construction, fishing, mining, etc. Despite government and policymakers' efforts to promote SME development in Pakistan, the sector continues to face persistent challenges, including energy shortages, limited financial literacy, inadequate infrastructure and business information, low value addition, weak strategic planning, limited access to bank financing, and a shortage of skilled human resources. Their contributions extend to foster economic growth, generating employment opportunities, and facilitating exports. This study examines the factors affecting SME's performance, competitive advantage, and risk management practices with the mediating role of public policy in Pakistan. Data was collected through survey questionnaire from 442 respondents. Data analysis was done through SPSS and PLS software. Empirical research demonstrates that SMEs' views towards hazards and their risk assessment are very different from those of large corporations. References Abrahamsen, E. B., Pettersen, K., Aven, T., Kaufmann, M., & Rosqvist, T. (2017). A framework for selection of strategy for management of security measures. Journal of Risk Research, 20(3), 404–417. Adam, M., Soliman, A. M., & Mahtab, N. (2021). Measuring enterprise risk management implementation: A multifaceted approach for the banking sector. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. Akawu, F. A., Agum, C., & Awogbemi, P. O. (2018). 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Workplace interruptions have become increasingly prevalent due to the advancement of mobile communication technologies and changing work practices. Despite the significant impact of work interruptions, the ways in which individuals respond to these disruptions remain largely unexplored. This study, grounded in affective event theory, investigates the sources of workplace interruptions, specifically focusing on receiving phone calls, and examines how these interruptions contribute to work-life conflict through the mediating role of affectivity (positive and negative affect). Data were collected from 250 employees in the banking sector of Pakistan. The findings indicate that receiving calls is positively associated with work-life conflict and that affectivity (both positive and negative) mediates this relationship. These results offer valuable theoretical and practical insights for practitioners and decision-makers aiming to mitigate the negative impacts of workplace interruptions on employees' work-life balance.

The natural environment is seriously threatened by a variety of environmental issues. Green consumption practices are crucial for protecting the environment, which eventually helps society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to look at how social media affects young people's green consumption behaviors when they exhibit pro-environmental behavior. With the lens of the theory of planned behavior, this study explores the role of social media marketing. Additionally, this research aims to explore how pro-environmental behavior might act as a mediator. Data was collected from 310 college and university students through email. The hypothesized model has been tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) on PLS. Results exhibited that social media marketing positively influenced pro-environmental behavior and green consumption behavior. Pro-environmental behavior positively mediates the relationship. By integrating digital marketing techniques and environmental psychology, this research offers new insights. Marketers and legislators use these insights to develop more successful social media campaigns that support green products and foster pro-environmental attitudes. Businesses wanting to grow their eco-friendly product offerings may benefit from this study, which examines how social media influences customer behavior toward green consumption for environmental protection.

The corporate business faces escalating social and competitive challenges in today's worldwide economy. Literature has revealed the existence of several internal disciplining mechanisms of corporate governance that are hypothesized as factors influencing firm performance. This paper reviews the theoretical and practical research on internal mechanisms of corporate governance, especially dividend payouts, CSR, environmental strategy, transformational leadership and firm performance. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of leadership and environmental strategy in CSR and firm performance. Data were collected from managers of Pakistani financial analysis businesses. The ultimate sample size was 100, and data was collected through a questionnaire. This study found empirical evidence that favors an internal mechanism and CSR affecting firm performance, transformational leadership, and environmental strategy serve as a mediator among firm performance and CSR. Moreover, this research keen analysis on the previous studies related to CSR in emerging economies. Firms, policymakers, and practitioners may make efforts to enhance their CSR practices. Overall, we draw the conclusion that socially responsible corporate enterprise endeavors have a higher chance of success in Pakistan.

The corporate business faces escalating social and competitive challenges in today's worldwide economy. Literature has revealed the existence of several internal disciplining mechanisms of corporate governance that are hypothesized as factors influencing firm performance. This paper reviews the theoretical and practical research on internal mechanisms of corporate governance, especially dividend payouts, CSR, environmental strategy, transformational leadership and firm performance. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of leadership and environmental strategy in CSR and firm performance. Data were collected from managers of Pakistani financial analysis businesses. The ultimate sample size was 100, and data was collected through a questionnaire. This study found empirical evidence that favors an internal mechanism and CSR affecting firm performance, transformational leadership, and environmental strategy serve as a mediator among firm performance and CSR. Moreover, this research keen analysis on the previous studies related to CSR in emerging economies. Firms, policymakers, and practitioners may make efforts to enhance their CSR practices. Overall, we draw the conclusion that socially responsible corporate enterprise endeavors have a higher chance of success in Pakistan.

Management control refers to a broad range of formal and informal strategies and methods that try to influence how people behave inside an organization. Management Control Systems (MCSs) are used to keep personnel focused on company goals. Previously, MCSs were primarily concerned with the internal environment; however, the importance of the external environment, such as the market and the customer, has been acknowledged. The focus of management control was largely on the firm's internal functions, but certain research studies looked at the potential influence of external forces on the organization. The research conducted in the control domain has pointed out the possible impact of external forces on the organization, particularly the market and customers. Based on latest research, customers can influence the actions and behaviors of company. The value of customer control in modern times cannot be emphasized, but it is still a poorly understood concept. Customer control is defined in this study as the power given to the customer to assess the workforce. This development has been expedited by technological advancements that facilitate interaction with customers. The aim of this short theoretical paper is to provide an overview to the importance to the customer control and how it is different from traditional MCSs.

Workplace interruptions are becoming a more common serious issue in every work environment. Workplace interruptions can disrupt the attainment of goals and generate costly errors. Nevertheless, more research needs to focus on sources of workplace interruptions and their consequences. Drawing on action regulation theory, this study's main objective is to identify the sources of workplace interruptions, such as receiving calls and coworker conversations, and how these sources of workplace interruptions may cause procrastination at work by examining the mediating role of time pressure. Data were collected from the banking sector of Multan, Pakistan. After data consolidation, the final sample was 256. The findings of this study revealed that receiving calls and coworker conversations is positively related to procrastination at work, and time pressure mediates this relationship. This study addresses the gap in inquiring about innovative aspects of workplace interruption sources that interfere with workers' everyday working lives. The main strength and novelty of the current study is that it expanded the understanding and application of workplace sources of interruption while also expanding the idea of action regulation by emphasizing its interaction with time pressure as a mediator. The findings of this study are significant for legislators and management professionals, particularly those who deal with workplace interruptions.