Qi Hao

Introducing environmentally benign Zn single-atom catalysts (SACs) in Fenton-like reactions to induce electron transfer processes (ETP) holds great potential in advanced water remediation technologies. However, precise coordination of Zn SACs is highly required to selectively trigger the ETP pathway. Herein, under the guidance of density functional theory (DFT) predictions, we constructed asymmetric Zn-N₃Cl sites on N-doped carbon (NC) to unlock the electron-transfer reactivity of redox-inert Zn while maintaining structural robustness. Compared with the symmetric Zn-N₄ system, the Zn-N₃Cl system achieved a higher sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal rate and PMS utilization efficiency by 4.4 and 2.3 times, respectively. Mechanism studies revealed that Cl doping significantly altered the electronic structure of Zn sites, thereby promoting their electron transfer capacity. The strongly polarized Zn-N₃Cl sites exhibited a notably enhanced interaction with PMS, facilitating the formation of Zn-N₃Cl/PMS* with high redox potential and lowering the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS) for ETP. The Zn-N₃Cl system demonstrated outstanding catalytic reactivity toward various environmental interferences over a wide pH range. Notably, this system remained effective for the continuous flow-through treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater, coupling high catalytic reactivity and structural robustness. Our rational design of environmentally benign materials offers a blueprint for sustainable water remediation.

The catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts was strictly limited by isolated single‐atom sites. Fabricating high‐density single atoms to realize the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could optimize the adsorption behaviors of reaction intermediates, which exhibited great potential to break performance limitations and deepen mechanistic understanding of electrocatalysis. However, the catalytic behavior governed by neighbouring single atoms is particularly elusive and has yet to be understood. Herein, we revealed that the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms contributes to superior performance for oxygen evolution relative to isolated Ir single atoms. Neighbouring single atoms was achieved by fabricating high‐density single atoms to narrow the distance between single atoms. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the Nei‐Ir₁/CoGaOOH with neighbouring Ir single atoms exhibited a low overpotential of 170 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and long‐durable stability over 2000 h for oxygen evolution. Mechanistic studies revealed that neighbouring single atoms synergetic stabilized the *OOH intermediates via extra hydrogen bonding interactions, thus significantly reducing the reaction energy barriers, as compared to isolated Ir single atoms. The discovery of the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could offer guidance for the development of efficient electrocatalysts, thus accelerating the world‘s transition to sustainable energy.

The catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts was strictly limited by isolated single‐atom sites. Fabricating high‐density single atoms to realize the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could optimize the adsorption behaviors of reaction intermediates, which exhibited great potential to break performance limitations and deepen mechanistic understanding of electrocatalysis. However, the catalytic behavior governed by neighbouring single atoms is particularly elusive and has yet to be understood. Herein, we revealed that the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms contributes to superior performance for oxygen evolution relative to isolated Ir single atoms. Neighbouring single atoms was achieved by fabricating high‐density single atoms to narrow the distance between single atoms. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the Nei‐Ir₁/CoGaOOH with neighbouring Ir single atoms exhibited a low overpotential of 170 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻², and long‐durable stability over 2000 h for oxygen evolution. Mechanistic studies revealed that neighbouring single atoms synergetic stabilized the *OOH intermediates via extra hydrogen bonding interactions, thus significantly reducing the reaction energy barriers, as compared to isolated Ir single atoms. The discovery of the synergetic interaction in neighbouring single atoms could offer guidance for the development of efficient electrocatalysts, thus accelerating the world‘s transition to sustainable energy.

This paper presents a 204–234.5-GHz wideband amplifier design in 65-nm bulk CMOS technology. The circuit has two branches and adopts a balanced structure, and each branch is composed of four stages of common source structures. The signal is converted to a differential signal by a balun transformer and amplified by the circuit. Each stage uses a voltage parallel negative feedback form to form Gmax-Core. The full-layout electromagnetic simulation results show that the 3 dB bandwidth is 30.5 GHz (204–234.5 GHz), the peak gain of the amplifier is 10 dB, and the DC power consumption of 86.4 mW.