Ranka Konatar

The central venous catheter (CVC) is essential for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and was first reported to have been used in a patient in 1969. Over time, the indications for its use have become increasingly numerous. Its application involves placing the catheter into a large-lumen venous system-most commonly the internal jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein-for the administration of parenteral nutrition and fluids, certain medications, hemodialysis (HD), blood sampling, and central venous pressure (CVP) measurement. Complications related to CVC placement occur in 2-26% of cases and may be mechanical, infectious, or thrombotic. Although CVC insertion can be beneficial for patient recovery, it is not always essential for treatment. Therefore, the decision to place a CVC must be carefully considered. During catheter insertion, it is crucial to ensure thorough preparation, adherence to sterile technique, and appropriate post-procedural care to minimize the risk of potentially life-threatening complications. Among these, infections are the most frequently reported and will be discussed in detail in this paper. The aim of our study was to present the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to central venous access, as well as the potential complications associated with CVCs, with a particular focus on infections. This review is based on a search of scientific and professional literature, especially original research articles published within the last five years, in the following scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, the Science Citation Index (SCI), and digital academic archives and repositories such as Dabar and Heart.

Introduction: Job satisfaction and positive emotions significantly impact patient safety, the quality of services provided, employee commitment, and retention within the organization and profession. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of work motivation among healthcare workers at the Clinical Center of Montenegro. Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study involving 104 healthcare workers employed at the Clinical Center of Montenegro in Podgorica. The research instrument was an original questionnaire designed specifically for this study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data and a scale for assessing work motivation. The scale included 24 items related to employee satisfaction and motivation, working conditions, communication with colleagues and superiors, benefits, and opportunities for career advancement. Responses were measured on an agreement scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 6 (completely agree). If the statement were negative, the rating would be inverted. Results: The results indicate that employees were relatively less satisfied with benefits (Mean=2,47), rewards and incentives at work (3,03) and the opportunities for advancement at work (3,48). Meanwhile, relationships with their superiors and colleagues at work were rated relatively high (4,11 and 3,80, respectively). Conclusion: The respondents' satisfaction scores with their benefits, rewards and incentives, and opportunities for advancement at work were relatively low. As this may affect efficiency, productivity, and attitudes toward patients and their family members, every effort should be made to improve these factors.

Introduction: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are common in the general population. They significantly contribute to increased morbidity, more frequent use of healthcare services, reduced working capacity, increased professional absences, and the occurrence of disability. Methodology: This study involved patients who underwent knee replacement surgery at the Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica. We employed the SF-36, a widely used universal standard questionnaire, which has been applied in over 4,000 published studies. Results: Statistically significant improvements in quality of life were observed in all examined domains: physical functioning (p = 0.0001), role limitations due to physical problems (p = 0.0001), role limitations due to emotional problems (p = 0.0001), vitality/energy (p = 0.0002), mental health (p = 0.0004), social functioning (p = 0.0001), physical pain (p = 0.0001), and perception of general health (p = 0.0001) following knee endoprosthesis implantation. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were observed in all quality of life domains before and after knee endoprosthesis surgery, confirming the improvement in patients' quality of life after the procedure.

Decreased satisfaction with physical appearance during adolescence is significantly linked to reduced self-esteem and an increased prevalence of obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A major issue in today's world is the influence of media, which serves as the primary channel through which ideals of physical appearance and attractiveness are transmitted. According to a 2015 study, adolescents spend an average of 17 hours per week watching television. Scientific evidence indicates that an active lifestyle provides health benefits and prevents the occurrence of numerous chronic non-communicable diseases, while improper diet and physical inactivity among adolescents contribute to the development of these diseases. Improper nutrition during adolescence can be a significant risk factor for the development of NCDs. These diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer, often have complex causes, but dietary habits can be identified as a common risk factor. Excessive intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and a high consumption of processed foods are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Improper dietary habits can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and increase cancer risk. Adopting a balanced and nutritionally rich diet, along with regular physical activity, can help prevent and manage these conditions. This review paper is based on a search of the scientific literature published in the last ten years, with a special focus on original research articles published in the last five years from the scientific databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and SCI index.