Nurgul Amangeldi

Gamma irradiation is an effective mutagenesis approach for developing wheat lines with improved agronomic performance and enhanced nutritional quality. This study evaluated the effects of gamma irradiation on biological yield, protein content, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), phytic acid concentration, and mineral bioavailability in mutant lines derived from three spring wheat cultivars (Zhenis, Almaken, and Eritrospermum-35). Mutant lines developed following 100 Gy and 200 Gy gamma irradiation were compared with their respective parental cultivars. Biological yield, protein, Fe and Zn concentrations, phytic acid content, and phytate-to-iron (Phy:Fe) and phytate-to-zinc (Phy:Zn) molar ratios were determined. Gamma irradiation affected biological yield and enhanced iron and zinc accumulation while reducing phytic acid concentration and phytate molar ratios, resulting in improved potential mineral bioavailability. In general, mutant lines developed at 100 Gy exhibited the most favorable combination of high biological yield, increased Fe and Zn concentrations, reduced phytic acid content, and improved mineral bioavailability. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly separated mutant lines from their parental cultivars and identified superior genotypes associated with high biological yield, enhanced mineral accumulation, and lower phytate-related indices. Overall, these findings demonstrate that gamma irradiation, particularly at 100 Gy, is an effective strategy for improving biological yield, iron and zinc accumulation, and potential mineral bioavailability in spring wheat mutant lines, providing valuable genetic resources for future wheat biofortification programs.

Co-encapsulating probiotics with prebiotic substrates (PRO–PRE) is widely proposed as a route to functional dairy products, yet the terminology and the supporting evidence are applied inconsistently. This structured narrative review examines PRO–PRE co-encapsulation in dairy matrices and, as a complementary field, the encapsulation of milk-derived bioactive peptides. Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and PubMed were searched for publications from 1 January 2015 to 1 September 2026. Of 663 records retrieved, 420 remained after deduplication and 330 after screening; 117 were prioritized for technological assessment. Protection is consistent but partial: encapsulated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in ice cream declined by 0.61 log CFU/g over 50 days of frozen storage, compared with 0.97 log CFU/g for free cells. Adding a substrate is not invariably beneficial, since sweet-whey–inulin microcapsules in Greek-style yogurt and inulin in ultrafiltered white cheese conferred no advantage over the carrier alone. Outcomes depend on strain, carrier, encapsulation method, and dairy matrix, and no method proved superior on every criterion. Physical co-localization was frequently reported as synbiotic function without evidence of selective substrate utilization. No validated dairy system combining a probiotic, a confirmed prebiotic, and a characterized milk-derived peptide was identified, and clinical validation is still lacking.

Biofortification of wheat has emerged as a sustainable strategy to combat global micronutrient deficiencies, particularly iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency, while simultaneously improving grain protein quality. Among available approaches, mutation breeding has gained renewed attention as a non-transgenic tool capable of generating novel genetic variability for nutritional enhancement. This review is based on a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature retrieved from major scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2005 and 2025 were critically evaluated to compare the effectiveness, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of wheat biofortification approaches. This review critically evaluates the role of mutation breeding in wheat biofortification and compares its effectiveness with conventional breeding, agronomic biofortification, and genome editing technologies. Evidence from published studies indicates that gamma-induced mutant lines have achieved significant increases in grain Fe and Zn concentrations, as well as improvements in storage protein composition, without regulatory constraints associated with transgenic methods. However, variability in genetic stability, potential yield penalties, and genotype × environment interactions remain important limitations. Overall, integrating mutation breeding with advanced molecular tools and agronomic practices offers a promising strategy for developing nutrient-enriched wheat varieties and enhancing global food and nutritional security.

Water deficit is a major constraint for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production, reducing canopy development, tuber filling, and quality-related carbohydrate accumulation. Foliar nutrition and amino-acid-based biostimulants may partially offset drought-induced limitations in root nutrient uptake and plant metabolic activity. This greenhouse pot experiment evaluated whether a phenology-based, sequential foliar nutrition program and amino acid supplementation can alleviate the effects of progressive reductions in plant-available water (PAW) on potato growth, yield, and tuber carbohydrate composition. Certified seed tubers of cv. Agria were grown in clay loam soil under a completely randomized design with three replications. Pots were maintained at four PAW regimes (100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%), with three foliar regimes within each PAW level: (i) non-sprayed control, (ii) sequential foliar fertilization, and (iii) sequential foliar fertilization plus amino acids. Foliar applications were conducted four times from early vegetative growth to tuber bulking, using stage-specific water-soluble NPK formulations supplemented with micronutrients; the amino acid product was applied concomitantly in the combined treatment. Decreasing PAW reduced stem number, stem diameter, plant length, total leaf number, tuber yield, and tuber carbohydrate concentrations. Across irrigation regimes, sequential foliar fertilization improved vegetative growth and increased tuber yield relative to the control, and amino acids provided a further benefit. Yield responses exceeded changes in tuber number, indicating effects mainly on tuber growth rather than tuber set. Foliar treatments—particularly with amino acids—also increased tuber glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch within each PAW level, suggesting improved carbon assimilation and/or sink activity under water limitation. Overall, a stage-targeted foliar NPK program integrated with amino acids is a practical strategy to reduce yield penalties and sustain tuber carbohydrate accumulation under deficit irrigation. Field validation across cultivars and mechanistic measurements are warranted to refine dose–timing recommendations.

Rapeseed occupies the first place among industrial crops in terms of oil content. Protection from harmful organisms plays an important role in the technology of rapeseed cultivation, since the quality and volume of products are significantly reduced due to the damage of crops by pests. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to identify the types of pests common in the fields of rapeseed of the Berik farm in the T. Ryskulov district of the Zhambyl region in 2022-2024 and to draw up protection measures. The biological features of the development of the main pests and the factors that reduce their numbers have been studied. Of the pests that live in the soil, rapeseed crops are affected by caterpillars and wireworms. Entomophages have been identified: ground beetles, staphylinids, soft-bodied and coccinellids. Ground beetles, soft-bodied and coccinellidae appear during budding. Chemical treatments for rapeseed cultivation are recommended only if the number of pests has exceeded the limits of economic harm. Field experiments on the use of chemicals and mineral fertilizers against rapeseed pests were conducted in the study area. The followingpreparations against cruciferous fleas were tested: Sumi-alpha, 5% K. E. (esfenvalerate, 0.3 l / ha), BI-58 K. E. (dimethoate, 0.8 l /ha), Achilles, K. E. (lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.2 l /ha). All tested preparations have shown high biological efficacy

Environmentally sound insect pest management strategies require continuous isolation and identification of effective biocontrol agents from different ecosystems. The quest for fungal isolates that are adapted to high temperatures is particularly significant, as they hold the potential to produce mycoinsecticides that are highly effective in semiarid and arid areas. This study aimed to collect new virulent isolates of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) from Kazakhstan that show promise for controlling Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations under arid conditions. Local isolates could be adapted to abiotic and biotic factors in the environment in which they survive. The findings of this study should provide insights into the species of EPF that inhabit a specific arid region of Kazakhstan, examining their traits in the regional climate, soil composition, and biological diversity. Throughout 2023–2024, a series of soil samples was collected from diverse locations within the Turkestan region of southern Kazakhstan for the isolation of EPF. The isolation of EPF was conducted using susceptible larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a host that does not have specificity for particular species of EPF. Using this insect bait, 41 pure cultures of EPF were isolated from soils in the arid zone of Kazakhstan. Polymerase chain reaction analysis based on the TEF1-α locus showed that all the isolates were indistinguishable from Beauveria bassiana ARSEF 2860 species. However, analysis of the ITS locus revealed two cryptic species: B. bassiana and B. pseudobassiana. For laboratory evaluation of biological activity EPF, the second and third instars of CPB were collected from potato fields in southern Kazakhstan and placed in plastic containers. Test CPB larvae were treated with conidia suspensions at 1 × 10⁷ spores/mL and survival was recorded daily for 3 weeks. The results of the bioassays revealed that all the new Kazakhstan isolates were pathogenic to larvae CPB and caused complete mortality by the end of the 11-day. These results showed that new isolates of EPF were highly virulent against larvae CPB.

This article presents the results of isolating and identifying EPF species and screening thermotolerant and highly virulent EPF strains that are promising for controlling Colorado potato beetle populations. Soil samples were collected from southern Kazakhstan for the isolation of fungi used in the experiments. Using the insect bait method, 41 isolates of EPF were obtained from the soils of southern Kazakhstan. PCR analysis based on ITS and TEF loci (elongation factor Ef1a) showed that all the isolates belong to the species B. bassiana. However, analysis of the ITS locus revealed two cryptic species: B. bassiana and B. pseudobassiana. No other fungal species were detected, likely due to the insufficient informativeness of the ITS and TEF loci in distinguishing species. Further studies with other loci are required. As a result of selecting natural isolates for virulence and thermotolerance, the following strains were identified: B13, B14, B15, B22, B23, B24, B25, B23-23, Bc4, Bc7, and Bc8. These strains showed high virulence (100% on the 11th day after treatment) and tolerance to suboptimal temperatures (+15°C and +30°C). Therefore, they are considered the most promising for use in the context of climate change. The data suggest that, despite the source of the isolates, EPF have great potential for controlling Colorado potato beetle populations, as the majority of isolates lead to fatal outcomes. Their geographical origin primarily influences their temperature preferences, which negatively affect their effectiveness in field conditions.

Бұл мақалада Қазақстанның оңтүстік аймағында таралған үйірлі шегірткелерге жүргізілген мониторинг жұмыстарының нәтижелері көрсетілген. Жамбыл облысында үйірлі шегірткелердің үш түрі де кездеседі. Яғни, итальяндық шегіртке, азиялық ұшпа шегіртке және мароккалық шегіртке. Ал, Түркістан облысында тек қана азиялық ұшпа шегіртке және мароккалық шегірткесі табылды. Жамбыл облысында мароккалық шегірткенің тығыздығы жоғарылап 1 м2 7-9 данаға дейін жетіп, қоныстану көлемінің ұлғайғаны тіркелді. Ал, Түркістан облысында бұл зиянкестің қоныстану тығыздығы 1 м² жерде 10 данадан жоғары болды. Осылайша, Қазақстанның оңтүстік аймағында үйірлі шегірткелердің ішінде негізгі доминант мароккалық шегіртке екенін атап өтуге болады. Оның оңтүстік аймақта таралған барлық шегірткелер арасында үлесі 80% жоғары. Көпжылдық мәліметтерге талдау жасағанда зиянкестің қоныстану аумағы жыл сайын 100 мың гектардан асатынын бақылауға болады. Аса қауіпті зиянкеске қарсы мемлекеттік бюджет есебінен химиялық өңдеу жұмыстары жылда жүргізіледі. Алайда, қорғау шаралары жүйелі жүргізіліп жатқанымен зиянкесті толық жою мүмкін болмай тұр. Керісінше, климаттың өзгеруіне байланысты зиянкестің тіршілік ету арелы жыл санап артып келеді.

Научные исследования по фауне, экологии и хозяйственному значению насекомых-чешуекрылых (INSECTA, Lepidoptera) агроценозов Юго-Восточного Казахстана имеет актуальное значение и новизну, так как они по сравнению с аналогичными исследованиями, проводимыми в странах дальнего и ближнего зарубежья (Россия, Украина, государства Центральной Азии), базируются на совершенно других модельных объектах и их данные ни в коей мере не могут решать локальные проблемы связанные с фауной чешуекрылых для условий агроценозов Юго-Востока Казахстана. Изучили фауну, экологию, хозяйственное значение и дали биологическое обоснование к мерам борьбы и наиболее вредоносными видами насекомых-чешуекрылых (INSECTA, Lepidoptera) в агроценозов Юго-Восточного Казахстана. В ходе полевых исследований для сбора фаунистических материалов чешуекрылых использованы общепринятые в энтомологии традиционные методики с оригинальными модификациями. За период исследований в 2022-2024 гг. в общей сложности нами зарегистрованы 134 вида чешуекрылых насекомых. В процессе полевых исследований на посевах и посадках сельскохозяйственных культур были обнаружены 30 видов бабочек, которые в основном представлены представителями семейства совок.Также проведены полевые опыты по опредению биологической эффективности некоторых инсектицидов в борьбе с гусеницами капустной совки