Zhanel Mirmanova
Current Organizations / Institutes
The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
Zhanel Mirmanova has a total of 40 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Ainur Akilzhanova
National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
11 shared publications - Dauren Yerezhepov
Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
6 shared publications - Aidana Gabdulkayum
Nazarbayev University
5 shared publications - Saule Rakhimova
National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
5 shared publications - T.K. Shakhmarova
Center for Life Sciences, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
5 shared publications - Adil Yerezhepov
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
4 shared publications
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 6 October 2026
- Published by National Center for Biotechnology in Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology
- No. 3,p. 399-406
WHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF MONOZYGOTIC TWINS WITH EPILEPSY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN A KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY: A CASE REPORT
Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur and share complex genetic determinants. However, molecular diagnosis remains challenging because of incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and the limited representation of Central Asian populations in genomic reference databases. This case report describes a Kazakhstani family with 9-year-old monozygotic twin girls who developed focal seizures with secondary generalization at approximately one year of age and were subsequently diagnosed with ASD. Family-based whole-exome sequencing was performed for both affected twins and their clinically unaffected, non-consanguineous parents. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant explaining the shared epilepsy–ASD phenotype was identified. A paternally inherited NPRL3 missense variant, c.121A>G (p.Lys41Glu), was considered biologically plausible because of the established association of NPRL3 with focal epilepsy. However, it remained a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), was not reported in the queried gnomAD dataset, and had an AlphaMissense score of 0.14. Additional heterozygous VUS were identified in SPTBN4, ANK2, VPS33A, SLC25A46, and GFM1. Two ZC2HC1C variants inherited from different parents supported a possible biallelic hypothesis, but their clinical significance was uncertain. We interpreted a heterozygous pathogenic ALDOB variant as an incidental carrier finding unrelated to the presenting phenotype. This case illustrates the distinction between candidate variants and a molecular diagnosis. Further evaluation may include periodic exome reanalysis, copy-number analysis, genome sequencing, and targeted validation where justified. Broader population reference resources could improve variant interpretation in Kazakhstan.
- 6 October 2026
- Published by National Center for Biotechnology in Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology
- No. 3,p. 399-406
Open AccessWHOLE-EXOME SEQUENCING OF MONOZYGOTIC TWINS WITH EPILEPSY AND AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN A KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY: A CASE REPORT
Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur and share complex genetic determinants. However, molecular diagnosis remains challenging because of incomplete penetrance, variable expressivity, and the limited representation of Central Asian populations in genomic reference databases. This case report describes a Kazakhstani family with 9-year-old monozygotic twin girls who developed focal seizures with secondary generalization at approximately one year of age and were subsequently diagnosed with ASD. Family-based whole-exome sequencing was performed for both affected twins and their clinically unaffected, non-consanguineous parents. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant explaining the shared epilepsy–ASD phenotype was identified. A paternally inherited NPRL3 missense variant, c.121A>G (p.Lys41Glu), was considered biologically plausible because of the established association of NPRL3 with focal epilepsy. However, it remained a variant of uncertain significance (VUS), was not reported in the queried gnomAD dataset, and had an AlphaMissense score of 0.14. Additional heterozygous VUS were identified in SPTBN4, ANK2, VPS33A, SLC25A46, and GFM1. Two ZC2HC1C variants inherited from different parents supported a possible biallelic hypothesis, but their clinical significance was uncertain. We interpreted a heterozygous pathogenic ALDOB variant as an incidental carrier finding unrelated to the presenting phenotype. This case illustrates the distinction between candidate variants and a molecular diagnosis. Further evaluation may include periodic exome reanalysis, copy-number analysis, genome sequencing, and targeted validation where justified. Broader population reference resources could improve variant interpretation in Kazakhstan.
- Open Access
- 6 October 2026
- Published by National Center for Biotechnology in Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology
- No. 3,p. 406-420
GENETIC INSIGHTS INTO А KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY WITH MULTIPLE NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS: A CASE REPORT
Introduction. Neurological disorders (ND) are diseases that affect both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The aetiology of neurological disorders is highly diverse and may involve genetic, environmental, metabolic, infectious, immune-mediated, and acquired factors. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy (CP), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions that frequently manifest during childhood. Although these disorders have distinct core clinical features, considerable phenotypic overlap and comorbidity are observed, suggesting they may share underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. Methods. Recruitment of the family, interview and clinical data acquisition, as well as blood sample acquisition, took place at the “National Center for Children's Rehabilitation” NJSC. DNA was isolated using commercially available kits. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using DNA Prep with Exome 2.0 Plus Enrichment Kit on the NovaSeq-6000 platform. All sequencing reads were mapped to the human reference genome assembly GRCh38 (hg38) using the DRAGEN Platform. Variant annotation was performed using VEP release 116.0. Results. We recruited a family with multiple neurological conditions. The parents were a Kazakh male and female with no family history of neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions. Marriage is non-consanguineous. There are three probands in the family diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focal symptomatic epilepsy, and (ASD) and ataxic cerebral palsy (CP), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in IL10, CDKN2B, GALC, and SLC12A3 genes. In addition, we identified variants of uncertain significance (VUS), loss-of-function (LoF), compound heterozygous, X-linked, and single de novo mutation, in many genes involved in neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions. Conclusion. Overall, our findings demonstrate substantial genetic heterogeneity within a single family presenting with different neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The results highlight the challenges of interpreting rare and uncertain variants identified by whole-exome sequencing and emphasize the importance of integrating variant classification, inheritance patterns, segregation analysis, clinical phenotype, and available gene–disease evidence. Further functional studies and accumulation of additional clinical cases will be required to determine the contribution of the identified candidate variants to autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and other neurological manifestations in this family.
- 6 October 2026
- Published by National Center for Biotechnology in Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology
- No. 3,p. 406-420
Open AccessGENETIC INSIGHTS INTO А KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY WITH MULTIPLE NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS: A CASE REPORT
Introduction. Neurological disorders (ND) are diseases that affect both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The aetiology of neurological disorders is highly diverse and may involve genetic, environmental, metabolic, infectious, immune-mediated, and acquired factors. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy (CP), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions that frequently manifest during childhood. Although these disorders have distinct core clinical features, considerable phenotypic overlap and comorbidity are observed, suggesting they may share underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. Methods. Recruitment of the family, interview and clinical data acquisition, as well as blood sample acquisition, took place at the “National Center for Children's Rehabilitation” NJSC. DNA was isolated using commercially available kits. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using DNA Prep with Exome 2.0 Plus Enrichment Kit on the NovaSeq-6000 platform. All sequencing reads were mapped to the human reference genome assembly GRCh38 (hg38) using the DRAGEN Platform. Variant annotation was performed using VEP release 116.0. Results. We recruited a family with multiple neurological conditions. The parents were a Kazakh male and female with no family history of neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions. Marriage is non-consanguineous. There are three probands in the family diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), focal symptomatic epilepsy, and (ASD) and ataxic cerebral palsy (CP), respectively. Bioinformatic analysis revealed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in IL10, CDKN2B, GALC, and SLC12A3 genes. In addition, we identified variants of uncertain significance (VUS), loss-of-function (LoF), compound heterozygous, X-linked, and single de novo mutation, in many genes involved in neurological or neurodevelopmental conditions. Conclusion. Overall, our findings demonstrate substantial genetic heterogeneity within a single family presenting with different neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The results highlight the challenges of interpreting rare and uncertain variants identified by whole-exome sequencing and emphasize the importance of integrating variant classification, inheritance patterns, segregation analysis, clinical phenotype, and available gene–disease evidence. Further functional studies and accumulation of additional clinical cases will be required to determine the contribution of the identified candidate variants to autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and other neurological manifestations in this family.
- 30 August 2026
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 4(28),p. 38-44
OBESITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN KAZAKH WOMEN WITH CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Introduction: Obesity contributes to adverse cardiometabolic changes and may promote left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but evidence from Central Asian populations remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and LVH and assess the discriminative ability of BMI for LVH among Kazakh women with clinically diagnosed atherosclerosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 153 unrelated Kazakh women aged ≥30 years with clinically diagnosed atherosclerosis. Participants were stratified by BMI into normal weight, overweight and obesity groups. Biochemical and medical data were compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression with adjustment and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to assess the association between BMI and LVH. Results: Across BMI categories, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HbA1c and C-reactive protein increased significantly, while HDL-C declined. The prevalence of LVH increased from 17.2% in normal-weight women to 45.2% in obese women. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of LVH in unadjusted analysis and persisted after adjustments. BMI alone showed modest discrimination for LVH (AUC 0.675), which improved when combined with metabolic and hypertension covariates (AUC 0.754). Conclusion: Among Kazakh women with atherosclerosis, BMI remained associated with LVH and a less favourable cardiometabolic profile. BMI functions most effectively as a risk marker when combined with established cardiovascular risk factors rather than as a standalone predictor. Введение: Ожирение способствует неблагоприятным кардиометаболическим изменениям и может приводить к развитию гипертрофии левого желудочка (ГЛЖ), однако данные о населении Центральной Азии остаются ограниченными. Цель: Оценить связь между индексом массы тела (ИМТ) и ГЛЖ, а также дискриминационную способность ИМТ в отношении выявления ГЛЖ у казахских женщин с клинически диагностированным атеросклерозом. Методы: В данное поперечное исследование были включены 153 неродственные казахские женщины в возрасте ≥30 лет с клинически диагностированным атеросклерозом. Участницы были распределены в группы с нормальной массой тела, избыточной массой тела и ожирением в зависимости от ИМТ. Клинические и биохимические характеристики сравнивали с использованием критерия Краскела–Уоллиса, критерия χ² Пирсона или точного критерия Фишера. Для оценки связи между ИМТ и ГЛЖ, а также дискриминационной способности ИМТ применяли бинарную логистическую регрессию и анализ ROC-кривых. В регрессионный анализ были включены 148 участниц с полными данными. Результаты: По мере увеличения категории ИМТ отмечалось значимое повышение уровней триглицеридов, глюкозы натощак, HbA1c и С-реактивного белка, тогда как уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности снижался. Распространённость ГЛЖ увеличилась с 17,2% у женщин с нормальной массой тела до 45,2% у женщин с ожирением. Более высокий ИМТ был связан с увеличением шансов наличия ГЛЖ, и данная связь сохранялась после поправки на возраст, степень артериальной гипертензии, функцию почек и метаболические факторы (ОШ на увеличение ИМТ на 1 кг/м² — 1,08; 95% ДИ: 1,00–1,17; p=0,041). ИМТ отдельно продемонстрировал умеренную дискриминационную способность в отношении ГЛЖ (AUC 0,675), которая повысилась при включении ИМТ в модель вместе с клиническими и метаболическими показателями (AUC 0,754). Заключение: У казахских женщин с атеросклерозом более высокий ИМТ был связан с ГЛЖ и менее благоприятным кардиометаболическим профилем. ИМТ может использоваться как простой маркер сердечно-сосудистого риска в сочетании с установленными клиническими и метаболическими факторами риска, однако его дискриминационная способность как самостоятельного маркера ограничена. Кіріспе: Семіздік қолайсыз кардиометаболикалық өзгерістерге ықпал етеді және сол жақ қарынша гипертрофиясының (СҚГ) дамуына әкелуі мүмкін, бірақ Орталық Азия халқы туралы деректер шектеулі болып қала...
- 30 August 2026
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 4(28),p. 38-44
OBESITY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN KAZAKH WOMEN WITH CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Introduction: Obesity contributes to adverse cardiometabolic changes and may promote left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), but evidence from Central Asian populations remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and LVH and assess the discriminative ability of BMI for LVH among Kazakh women with clinically diagnosed atherosclerosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 153 unrelated Kazakh women aged ≥30 years with clinically diagnosed atherosclerosis. Participants were stratified by BMI into normal weight, overweight and obesity groups. Biochemical and medical data were compared between groups using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. Binary logistic regression with adjustment and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to assess the association between BMI and LVH. Results: Across BMI categories, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HbA1c and C-reactive protein increased significantly, while HDL-C declined. The prevalence of LVH increased from 17.2% in normal-weight women to 45.2% in obese women. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of LVH in unadjusted analysis and persisted after adjustments. BMI alone showed modest discrimination for LVH (AUC 0.675), which improved when combined with metabolic and hypertension covariates (AUC 0.754). Conclusion: Among Kazakh women with atherosclerosis, BMI remained associated with LVH and a less favourable cardiometabolic profile. BMI functions most effectively as a risk marker when combined with established cardiovascular risk factors rather than as a standalone predictor. Введение: Ожирение способствует неблагоприятным кардиометаболическим изменениям и может приводить к развитию гипертрофии левого желудочка (ГЛЖ), однако данные о населении Центральной Азии остаются ограниченными. Цель: Оценить связь между индексом массы тела (ИМТ) и ГЛЖ, а также дискриминационную способность ИМТ в отношении выявления ГЛЖ у казахских женщин с клинически диагностированным атеросклерозом. Методы: В данное поперечное исследование были включены 153 неродственные казахские женщины в возрасте ≥30 лет с клинически диагностированным атеросклерозом. Участницы были распределены в группы с нормальной массой тела, избыточной массой тела и ожирением в зависимости от ИМТ. Клинические и биохимические характеристики сравнивали с использованием критерия Краскела–Уоллиса, критерия χ² Пирсона или точного критерия Фишера. Для оценки связи между ИМТ и ГЛЖ, а также дискриминационной способности ИМТ применяли бинарную логистическую регрессию и анализ ROC-кривых. В регрессионный анализ были включены 148 участниц с полными данными. Результаты: По мере увеличения категории ИМТ отмечалось значимое повышение уровней триглицеридов, глюкозы натощак, HbA1c и С-реактивного белка, тогда как уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности снижался. Распространённость ГЛЖ увеличилась с 17,2% у женщин с нормальной массой тела до 45,2% у женщин с ожирением. Более высокий ИМТ был связан с увеличением шансов наличия ГЛЖ, и данная связь сохранялась после поправки на возраст, степень артериальной гипертензии, функцию почек и метаболические факторы (ОШ на увеличение ИМТ на 1 кг/м² — 1,08; 95% ДИ: 1,00–1,17; p=0,041). ИМТ отдельно продемонстрировал умеренную дискриминационную способность в отношении ГЛЖ (AUC 0,675), которая повысилась при включении ИМТ в модель вместе с клиническими и метаболическими показателями (AUC 0,754). Заключение: У казахских женщин с атеросклерозом более высокий ИМТ был связан с ГЛЖ и менее благоприятным кардиометаболическим профилем. ИМТ может использоваться как простой маркер сердечно-сосудистого риска в сочетании с установленными клиническими и метаболическими факторами риска, однако его дискриминационная способность как самостоятельного маркера ограничена. Кіріспе: Семіздік қолайсыз кардиометаболикалық өзгерістерге ықпал етеді және сол жақ қарынша гипертрофиясының (СҚГ) дамуына әкелуі мүмкін, бірақ Орталық Азия халқы туралы деректер шектеулі болып қала...
- Open Access
- 30 April 2026
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- Vol. 28 (2(28)) , 84-90
PRENATAL GENETIC TESTING FOR SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY AND INFORMED DECISION-MAKING: A CASE REPORT COLLECTION
Introduction. One of the global causes of mortality and disability is neurological disorders, which have a mostly genetic aetiology. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the SMN1gene, leading to progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Advances in molecular genetics and the emergence of disease-modifying therapies have increased the importance of early diagnosis, including prenatal testing and carrier screening. Aim. To investigate the role of prenatal genetic testing in families at risk of SMA and to evaluate its importance for early diagnosis, assessment of disease severity, and informed reproductive decision-making. Materials and methods. Pregnant women at risk of SMA were recruited. Biomaterial (maternal blood and fetal samples via chorionic villus sampling or placentocentesis) was collected. DNA was extracted and analyzed by MLPA to assess copy number variation in the SMN1, SMN2, and NAIP genes. Variants identified by next-generation sequencing were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Clinical and family histories were recorded for all participants. Discussion. Two clinical cases demonstrated the value of prenatal genetic testing. In one case, parents were carriers. Nevertheless, the fetus was unaffected. The pregnancy was recommended to continue. In the second case, a homozygous deletion of SMN1 was detected, leading to pregnancy termination after counseling. These findings highlight the critical role of prenatal diagnosis in identifying affected fetuses, guiding clinical decisions, and preventing recurrence. The variability of SMA severity, influenced by SMN2 copy number, further emphasizes the need for comprehensive molecular analysis. Conclusion. Prenatal diagnosis of SMA is an essential tool in high-risk families, enabling early detection, accurate risk assessment, and informed decision-making. Implementation of genetic screening programs and counseling significantly improves clinical management and helps reduce the burden of this severe hereditary disease. Актуальность. Одной из глобальных причин смертности и инвалидности являются неврологические заболевания, большинство из которых имеют генетическую этиологию. Спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА) — одно из наиболее распространённых аутосомно-рецессивных нервно-мышечных заболеваний, обусловленное патогенными вариантами гена SMN1 и характеризующееся прогрессирующей дегенерацией мотонейронов. Развитие молекулярной генетики и появление модифицирующих течение заболевания терапий повысили значимость ранней диагностики, включая пренатальное тестирование и скрининг носительства. Цель. Изучить роль пренатального генетического тестирования в семьях с риском СМА и оценить его значение для ранней диагностики, определения тяжести заболевания и принятия информированных репродуктивных решений. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены беременные женщины с риском СМА. Проводился забор биоматериала (материнская кровь и фетальные образцы, полученные с помощью биопсии хориона или плацентоцентеза). ДНК выделяли и анализировали методом MLPA для оценки вариаций числа копий генов SMN1, SMN2и NAIP. Варианты, выявленные с помощью секвенирования нового поколения, подтверждались методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Для всех участников собирались клинические и семейные анамнезы. Обсуждение. Два клинических случая продемонстрировали значимость пренатального генетического тестирования. В первом случае оба родителя являлись носителями, однако мутации и делеции у плода выялены не были, в связи с чем было рекомендовано продолжение беременности. Во втором случае была выявлена гомозиготная делеция гена SMN1, что после консультирования привело к прерыванию беременности. Эти результаты подчеркивают ключевую роль пренатальной диагностики в выявлении поражённых плодов, принятии клинических решений и предотвращении повторных случаев заболевания. Вариабельность тяжести СМА, зависящая от числа копий SMN2, дополнительно подчёркивает необходимость комплексного молекулярного анализа. Вывод. Пренатальная диагностика СМА является важным инструментом в семьях высокого риска, обеспечивая раннее выявление, точную оценку...
- 30 April 2026
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- Vol. 28 (2(28)) , 84-90
Open AccessPRENATAL GENETIC TESTING FOR SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY AND INFORMED DECISION-MAKING: A CASE REPORT COLLECTION
Introduction. One of the global causes of mortality and disability is neurological disorders, which have a mostly genetic aetiology. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in the SMN1gene, leading to progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Advances in molecular genetics and the emergence of disease-modifying therapies have increased the importance of early diagnosis, including prenatal testing and carrier screening. Aim. To investigate the role of prenatal genetic testing in families at risk of SMA and to evaluate its importance for early diagnosis, assessment of disease severity, and informed reproductive decision-making. Materials and methods. Pregnant women at risk of SMA were recruited. Biomaterial (maternal blood and fetal samples via chorionic villus sampling or placentocentesis) was collected. DNA was extracted and analyzed by MLPA to assess copy number variation in the SMN1, SMN2, and NAIP genes. Variants identified by next-generation sequencing were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Clinical and family histories were recorded for all participants. Discussion. Two clinical cases demonstrated the value of prenatal genetic testing. In one case, parents were carriers. Nevertheless, the fetus was unaffected. The pregnancy was recommended to continue. In the second case, a homozygous deletion of SMN1 was detected, leading to pregnancy termination after counseling. These findings highlight the critical role of prenatal diagnosis in identifying affected fetuses, guiding clinical decisions, and preventing recurrence. The variability of SMA severity, influenced by SMN2 copy number, further emphasizes the need for comprehensive molecular analysis. Conclusion. Prenatal diagnosis of SMA is an essential tool in high-risk families, enabling early detection, accurate risk assessment, and informed decision-making. Implementation of genetic screening programs and counseling significantly improves clinical management and helps reduce the burden of this severe hereditary disease. Актуальность. Одной из глобальных причин смертности и инвалидности являются неврологические заболевания, большинство из которых имеют генетическую этиологию. Спинальная мышечная атрофия (СМА) — одно из наиболее распространённых аутосомно-рецессивных нервно-мышечных заболеваний, обусловленное патогенными вариантами гена SMN1 и характеризующееся прогрессирующей дегенерацией мотонейронов. Развитие молекулярной генетики и появление модифицирующих течение заболевания терапий повысили значимость ранней диагностики, включая пренатальное тестирование и скрининг носительства. Цель. Изучить роль пренатального генетического тестирования в семьях с риском СМА и оценить его значение для ранней диагностики, определения тяжести заболевания и принятия информированных репродуктивных решений. Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены беременные женщины с риском СМА. Проводился забор биоматериала (материнская кровь и фетальные образцы, полученные с помощью биопсии хориона или плацентоцентеза). ДНК выделяли и анализировали методом MLPA для оценки вариаций числа копий генов SMN1, SMN2и NAIP. Варианты, выявленные с помощью секвенирования нового поколения, подтверждались методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру. Для всех участников собирались клинические и семейные анамнезы. Обсуждение. Два клинических случая продемонстрировали значимость пренатального генетического тестирования. В первом случае оба родителя являлись носителями, однако мутации и делеции у плода выялены не были, в связи с чем было рекомендовано продолжение беременности. Во втором случае была выявлена гомозиготная делеция гена SMN1, что после консультирования привело к прерыванию беременности. Эти результаты подчеркивают ключевую роль пренатальной диагностики в выявлении поражённых плодов, принятии клинических решений и предотвращении повторных случаев заболевания. Вариабельность тяжести СМА, зависящая от числа копий SMN2, дополнительно подчёркивает необходимость комплексного молекулярного анализа. Вывод. Пренатальная диагностика СМА является важным инструментом в семьях высокого риска, обеспечивая раннее выявление, точную оценку...
- 30 April 2026
- Published by NpJSC "Astana Medical University" in Astana Medical Journal
- Vol. 126 (2)
Prenatal genetic testing for NDUFV1 gene-related mitochondrial complex I deficiency in a Kazakhstani family
Introduction. Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations across a wide spectrum of genes encoded by the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, and have complex inheritance patterns, including X-linked or autosomal inheritance for mutations in nDNA genes, and maternal inheritance for mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial complex I (MCI) is the largest and most complicated component of the respiratory chain. The NDUFV1 gene encodes an essential core subunit of the electron-input (N) module of mitochondrial complex I within the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Methods. Recruitment of the family took place at the Corporate Fund «University Medical Center» (UMC). Blood from the pregnant woman and her partner was collected into a blood collection tube. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed according to the standard operating procedure (SOP). DNA was isolated using commercially available kits. Variant verification was performed by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing data analyzed using Data Collection Software. Results. A Kazakhstani family with a history of mitochondrial complex I deficiency (MCID), nuclear type 4, autosomal recessive inheritance pattern (OMIM: 618225) was recruited on the basis of the UMC. The parents were verified by Sanger sequencing and are obligate heterozygous carriers of genetic variants in the NDUFV1 gene at the following points: mother – NM_007103.4: c.289C>T (p.Leu97Phe), father – NM_007103.4: c.357G>C (p.Glu119Asp). Prenatal testing detected both heterozygous mutations in points NM_007103.4: c.262C>T (p.Arg88Cys) and NM_007103.4 c.357G>C (p.Glu119Asp) in the fetus. It was recommended to observe by a pediatrician with no specific treatment. Also, medical and genetic counseling of the couple when planning the next pregnancy was recommended. Conclusion. NDUFV1-related MCID can lead to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes and complications and may progress rapidly. Therefore, early recognition is essential to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Our findings highlight the importance of early prenatal genetic testing for NDUFV1-associated MCID, which can facilitate early detection and support informed decision-making during pregnancy. Key words: mitochondrial diseases, prenatal genetic testing, NDUFV1, mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
- 30 April 2026
- Published by NpJSC "Astana Medical University" in Astana Medical Journal
- Vol. 126 (2)
Prenatal genetic testing for NDUFV1 gene-related mitochondrial complex I deficiency in a Kazakhstani family
Introduction. Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations across a wide spectrum of genes encoded by the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, and have complex inheritance patterns, including X-linked or autosomal inheritance for mutations in nDNA genes, and maternal inheritance for mtDNA mutations. Mitochondrial complex I (MCI) is the largest and most complicated component of the respiratory chain. The NDUFV1 gene encodes an essential core subunit of the electron-input (N) module of mitochondrial complex I within the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. Methods. Recruitment of the family took place at the Corporate Fund «University Medical Center» (UMC). Blood from the pregnant woman and her partner was collected into a blood collection tube. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed according to the standard operating procedure (SOP). DNA was isolated using commercially available kits. Variant verification was performed by Sanger sequencing. Sequencing data analyzed using Data Collection Software. Results. A Kazakhstani family with a history of mitochondrial complex I deficiency (MCID), nuclear type 4, autosomal recessive inheritance pattern (OMIM: 618225) was recruited on the basis of the UMC. The parents were verified by Sanger sequencing and are obligate heterozygous carriers of genetic variants in the NDUFV1 gene at the following points: mother – NM_007103.4: c.289C>T (p.Leu97Phe), father – NM_007103.4: c.357G>C (p.Glu119Asp). Prenatal testing detected both heterozygous mutations in points NM_007103.4: c.262C>T (p.Arg88Cys) and NM_007103.4 c.357G>C (p.Glu119Asp) in the fetus. It was recommended to observe by a pediatrician with no specific treatment. Also, medical and genetic counseling of the couple when planning the next pregnancy was recommended. Conclusion. NDUFV1-related MCID can lead to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes and complications and may progress rapidly. Therefore, early recognition is essential to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management. Our findings highlight the importance of early prenatal genetic testing for NDUFV1-associated MCID, which can facilitate early detection and support informed decision-making during pregnancy. Key words: mitochondrial diseases, prenatal genetic testing, NDUFV1, mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
- Open Access
- 20 March 2026
- Published by al-Farabi Kazakh National University in Experimental Biology
- Vol. 106 (1) , 51-60
PRENATAL GENETIC TESTING FOR MULTIPLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME CAUSED BY IBA57 GENE MUTATION KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY: A CASE REPORT
Mitochondria, commonly known as the cell’s power generator, carry out their primary function through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that produces ATP, the main energy source of the cell and the only cell organelles with their own mitochondrial DNA. Any genetic alterations in DNA sequences that encode mitochondrial structural or functional proteins may cause mitochondrial disorders. Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome type 3 (MMDS3) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by homozygous or biallelic pathogenic variants in the IBA57 gene. In the current study, we present a case report on prenatal genetic testing for multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS) type 3 caused by the IBA57 gene to highlight the importance of prenatal diagnostics for disease prognosis and treatment, appropriate genetic counselling, and informed reproductive decision-making. We recruited a 27-year-old G2P1001 at 22 weeks’ gestation with MMDS3 in family history, confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) and also verified by Sanger sequencing in the IBA57 gene c.286T>C (NM_001010867.4, p.Tyr96His) and c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly) in the proband and parents. The ccfDNA genetic test revealed the absence of the heterozygous IBA57 gene variant at position c.286T>C (NM_001010867.4, p.Tyr96His), but the heterozygous IBA57 gene variant at position c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly) was detected. The child is a heterozygous carrier of the genetic variant of the IBA57 gene at position c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly). No specific treatment is required; observation by a pediatrician and medical and genetic counseling of the couple when planning the next pregnancy are recommended. The IBA57 gene-related MMDS3 can have a wide range of outcomes and consequences and may progress rapidly. Early awareness is crucial to prompt and proper administration. Our study reveals the importance of early prenatal genetic testing for IBA57-related MMDS3 for early diagnostics and consent decision-making.
- 20 March 2026
- Published by al-Farabi Kazakh National University in Experimental Biology
- Vol. 106 (1) , 51-60
Open AccessPRENATAL GENETIC TESTING FOR MULTIPLE MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME CAUSED BY IBA57 GENE MUTATION KAZAKHSTANI FAMILY: A CASE REPORT
Mitochondria, commonly known as the cell’s power generator, carry out their primary function through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), a process that produces ATP, the main energy source of the cell and the only cell organelles with their own mitochondrial DNA. Any genetic alterations in DNA sequences that encode mitochondrial structural or functional proteins may cause mitochondrial disorders. Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome type 3 (MMDS3) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder caused by homozygous or biallelic pathogenic variants in the IBA57 gene. In the current study, we present a case report on prenatal genetic testing for multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS) type 3 caused by the IBA57 gene to highlight the importance of prenatal diagnostics for disease prognosis and treatment, appropriate genetic counselling, and informed reproductive decision-making. We recruited a 27-year-old G2P1001 at 22 weeks’ gestation with MMDS3 in family history, confirmed by whole exome sequencing (WES) and also verified by Sanger sequencing in the IBA57 gene c.286T>C (NM_001010867.4, p.Tyr96His) and c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly) in the proband and parents. The ccfDNA genetic test revealed the absence of the heterozygous IBA57 gene variant at position c.286T>C (NM_001010867.4, p.Tyr96His), but the heterozygous IBA57 gene variant at position c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly) was detected. The child is a heterozygous carrier of the genetic variant of the IBA57 gene at position c.667C>G (NM_001010867.4, p.Arg223Gly). No specific treatment is required; observation by a pediatrician and medical and genetic counseling of the couple when planning the next pregnancy are recommended. The IBA57 gene-related MMDS3 can have a wide range of outcomes and consequences and may progress rapidly. Early awareness is crucial to prompt and proper administration. Our study reveals the importance of early prenatal genetic testing for IBA57-related MMDS3 for early diagnostics and consent decision-making.
- Open Access
- 30 October 2025
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(27),p. 7-15
GENETIC VARIANTS IN LIPID-ASSOCIATED GENES IN THE KAZAKHSTANI COHORT WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (AS), are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. Lipid metabolism disorders, in particular, hypertriglyceridemia, which is recognized as an independent risk factor, play an important role in the development of AS. Genetic features associated with genes regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE) have a significant impact on the formation of dyslipidemia and determine individual metabolic characteristics. Studying the prevalence and effects of these genetic variants in the Kazakh population is particularly important, given its underrepresentation in global genetic research. Aim. The objective of this study was to study the frequency of genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE) in a group of Kazakhstani patients with hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we analyzed the relationship of the identified genetic variants with the biochemical parameters of the lipid profile. Materials and methods. The study analyzed data from 402 patients with cardiovascular diseases, 144 of whom had hypertriglyceridemia. To identify the genetic determinants of lipid metabolism disorders, full-exome sequencing was performed with a focus analysis of the GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, and FLCN genes. The identified genetic variants were annotated and classified according to the recommendations of ACMG/AMP. The association of genetic polymorphisms with lipid profile parameters in patients with AS was studied. Results. Sequencing of the entire exome of patients with varying degrees of cardiovascular risk revealed genetic variations affecting triglyceride metabolism. Elevated triglyceride levels were reported in patients of all risk categories, with the highest frequency in very high-risk individuals (82 patients). Analysis of the lipid profile showed that total cholesterol was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group (228.8±35.2 versus 207.8±30.3 mg/dl; p=0.0467). The level of HDL-C showed an inverse relationship with the level of risk, being the lowest in the very high-risk group (44.6±10.5 versus 50.1±9.9 mg/dl; p=0.0411). Although LDL and non-lipoprotein cholesterol did not show statistically significant differences, there was a tendency to increase them. Triglycerides also tended to increase, but without achieving statistical significance (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease in apolipoprotein A at high risk (p0.05). Conclusions. The study did not reveal a statistically significant association between APOE (p.T388C) and GCKR genotypes with cardiovascular risk. Larger-scale studies are required, taking into account additional factors and an increased sample size. Введение. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, в том числе атеросклероз (АС), являются основной причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире, включая Казахстан. Важную роль в развитии АС играют нарушения липидного обмена, в частности, гипертриглицеридемия, которая признана самостоятельным фактором риска. Генетические особенности, связанные с генами, регулирующими метаболизм липидов и углеводов (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE), оказывают значительное влияние на формирование дислипидемий и определяют индивидуальные метаболические характеристики. Изучение распространенности и влияния этих генетических вариантов в казахстанской популяции особенно важно, учитывая ее ограниченное представительство в глобальных генетических исследованиях. Целью данного исследования было изучить частоты встречаемости генетических полиморфизмов в генах, участвующих в регуляции липидного обмена (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE), в группе казахстанских пациентов с гипертриглицеридемией и атеросклерозом. Дополнительно мы анализировали взаимосвязь выявленных генетических вариантов с биохимическими параметрами липидного профиля. Материал и методы. В рамках исследования были проанализированы данные 402 пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, из которых 144 имели гипертриглицеридемию. Для выявления генетических детерминант нарушений липидного обмена было выполнено полноэкзомное секвенирование с анализом генов GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL и FLCN. Выявленные генетические варианты были аннотированы и классифицированы в соответствии с рекомендациями ACMG/AMP. Проведена оценка ассоциации генетических полиморфизмов с нарушениями липидного профиля в казахстанской популяции пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями....
- 30 October 2025
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(27),p. 7-15
Open AccessGENETIC VARIANTS IN LIPID-ASSOCIATED GENES IN THE KAZAKHSTANI COHORT WITH ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA
Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (AS), are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Kazakhstan. Lipid metabolism disorders, in particular, hypertriglyceridemia, which is recognized as an independent risk factor, play an important role in the development of AS. Genetic features associated with genes regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE) have a significant impact on the formation of dyslipidemia and determine individual metabolic characteristics. Studying the prevalence and effects of these genetic variants in the Kazakh population is particularly important, given its underrepresentation in global genetic research. Aim. The objective of this study was to study the frequency of genetic polymorphisms in genes involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE) in a group of Kazakhstani patients with hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Additionally, we analyzed the relationship of the identified genetic variants with the biochemical parameters of the lipid profile. Materials and methods. The study analyzed data from 402 patients with cardiovascular diseases, 144 of whom had hypertriglyceridemia. To identify the genetic determinants of lipid metabolism disorders, full-exome sequencing was performed with a focus analysis of the GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, and FLCN genes. The identified genetic variants were annotated and classified according to the recommendations of ACMG/AMP. The association of genetic polymorphisms with lipid profile parameters in patients with AS was studied. Results. Sequencing of the entire exome of patients with varying degrees of cardiovascular risk revealed genetic variations affecting triglyceride metabolism. Elevated triglyceride levels were reported in patients of all risk categories, with the highest frequency in very high-risk individuals (82 patients). Analysis of the lipid profile showed that total cholesterol was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group (228.8±35.2 versus 207.8±30.3 mg/dl; p=0.0467). The level of HDL-C showed an inverse relationship with the level of risk, being the lowest in the very high-risk group (44.6±10.5 versus 50.1±9.9 mg/dl; p=0.0411). Although LDL and non-lipoprotein cholesterol did not show statistically significant differences, there was a tendency to increase them. Triglycerides also tended to increase, but without achieving statistical significance (p>0.05). There was a significant decrease in apolipoprotein A at high risk (p0.05). Conclusions. The study did not reveal a statistically significant association between APOE (p.T388C) and GCKR genotypes with cardiovascular risk. Larger-scale studies are required, taking into account additional factors and an increased sample size. Введение. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, в том числе атеросклероз (АС), являются основной причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всем мире, включая Казахстан. Важную роль в развитии АС играют нарушения липидного обмена, в частности, гипертриглицеридемия, которая признана самостоятельным фактором риска. Генетические особенности, связанные с генами, регулирующими метаболизм липидов и углеводов (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE), оказывают значительное влияние на формирование дислипидемий и определяют индивидуальные метаболические характеристики. Изучение распространенности и влияния этих генетических вариантов в казахстанской популяции особенно важно, учитывая ее ограниченное представительство в глобальных генетических исследованиях. Целью данного исследования было изучить частоты встречаемости генетических полиморфизмов в генах, участвующих в регуляции липидного обмена (GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL, FLCN, LDLR, APOE), в группе казахстанских пациентов с гипертриглицеридемией и атеросклерозом. Дополнительно мы анализировали взаимосвязь выявленных генетических вариантов с биохимическими параметрами липидного профиля. Материал и методы. В рамках исследования были проанализированы данные 402 пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, из которых 144 имели гипертриглицеридемию. Для выявления генетических детерминант нарушений липидного обмена было выполнено полноэкзомное секвенирование с анализом генов GCKR, SLC22A5, LPL и FLCN. Выявленные генетические варианты были аннотированы и классифицированы в соответствии с рекомендациями ACMG/AMP. Проведена оценка ассоциации генетических полиморфизмов с нарушениями липидного профиля в казахстанской популяции пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями....
- Open Access
- 30 October 2025
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(27),p. 16-23
CLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS WITH INDETERMINATE POTENTIAL IN TET2 AND DNMT3A AMONG KAZAKHSTANI INDIVIDUALS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE
Purpose of the study: To assess the contribution of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) to the development of atherosclerotic disease in the Kazakhstani cohort, focusing on TET2 and DNMT3A genes, based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Materials and Methods: This study employed an observational cross-sectional design. The cohort comprised 177 women and 225 men, with a mean age of 53.0 ± 9.04 years overall (men: 52.2 ± 9.0 years; women: 53.7 ± 9.0 years). Patients were stratified by degree of cardiovascular risk category (low, high, very high) according to the ESC/EAS (2019) recommendations. In this sample, 74 participants (18.4%) were classified as low-risk, 136 (33.8%) as high-risk, and 192 (47.8%) as very high-risk. For the initial phase of analysis, the two most studied genes, TET2 and DNMT3A, were selected from a total list of 8 priority genes: ASXL1, DNMT3A, JAK2, PPM1D, SF3B1, SFRS2, TET2, and TP53associated with CHIP, based on their high clinical significance and frequency of occurrence in previously published studies. By filtering the data and selecting two priority genes for primary analysis, 41 patients with atherosclerotic disease were selected from the total cohort. Genetic analyses were performed using high-throughput whole-exome sequencing to cover a wide range of genetic variants potentially associated with CHIP and the atherosclerotic process. Variant annotation was performed using international databases (ClinVar, ExAC, 1000 Genomes, etc.), and mutations were interpreted according to the ACMG/AMP classification using the InterVar platform. Statistical data processing included the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test for pairwise comparisons, and Fisher's exact test; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Variants were detected in TET2 (n=35) and DNMT3A (n=6). The median VAF value for TET2 was 50%. The age of patients differed significantly between risk groups (p = 0.026). Most of the variants detected had an ultra-rare frequency according to international databases (<0.1%). One pathogenic variant was identified according to the InterVar classification; the others were predominantly of uncertain significance (VUS). The distribution of variants by risk groups showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.341). Conclusions: The results demonstrate a potential role of CHIP-associated mutations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mutations in TET2 were found to be the most significant. Given the identified genetic features and their association with cardiovascular risk, the findings justify extending the analysis to the full spectrum of CHIP-associated genes to improve the accuracy of risk stratification. Цель исследования: Оценить вклад клонального гемопоэза неопределенного потенциала (КГНП) в развитие атеросклеротического заболевания в казахстанской когорте с упором на гены TET2 и DNMT3A на основе данных секвенирования нового поколения (NGS). Материалы и методы: Проведено обсервационное поперечное исследование. Когорта состояла из 177 женщин и 225 мужчин, средний возраст которых в целом составил 53,0 ± 9,04 года (мужчины: 52,2 ± 9,0 года; женщины: 53,7 ± 9,0 года). Пациенты были распределены по категориям сердечно-сосудистого риска (низкий, высокий, очень высокий) в соответствии с рекомендациями ESC/EAS(2019). В этой выборке 74 участника (18,4%) были отнесены к группе низкого риска, 136 (33,8%) – к группе высокого риска и 192 (47,8%) – к группе очень высокого риска. Для начальной фазы анализа два наиболее изученных гена, TET2 и DNMT3A, были выбраны из общего списка из 8 приоритетных генов: ASXL1, DNMT3A, JAK2, PPM1D, SF3B1, SFRS2, TET2 и TP53, ассоциированных с КГНП, на основании их высокой клинической значимости и частоты встречаемости в ранее изученных исследованиях. опубликованные исследования. Путем фильтрации данных и выбора двух приоритетных генов для первичного анализа из общей когорты был отобран 41 пациент с атеросклеротическим заболеванием. Генетический анализ был проведен с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования всего экзома (NGS, whole-exome sequencing), чтобы охватить широкий спектр генетических вариантов, потенциально связанных с КГНП и атеросклеротическим процессом. Аннотирование вариантов проводилось с использованием международных баз данных (ClinVar, ExAC, 1000 геномов и др.), а мутации интерпретировались в соответствии с классификацией ACMG/AMP с использованием платформы InterVar. Статистическая обработка данных включала непараметрический критерий Крускала-Уоллиса, критерий Данна для парных...
- 30 October 2025
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(27),p. 16-23
Open AccessCLONAL HEMATOPOIESIS WITH INDETERMINATE POTENTIAL IN TET2 AND DNMT3A AMONG KAZAKHSTANI INDIVIDUALS WITH ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE
Purpose of the study: To assess the contribution of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) to the development of atherosclerotic disease in the Kazakhstani cohort, focusing on TET2 and DNMT3A genes, based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Materials and Methods: This study employed an observational cross-sectional design. The cohort comprised 177 women and 225 men, with a mean age of 53.0 ± 9.04 years overall (men: 52.2 ± 9.0 years; women: 53.7 ± 9.0 years). Patients were stratified by degree of cardiovascular risk category (low, high, very high) according to the ESC/EAS (2019) recommendations. In this sample, 74 participants (18.4%) were classified as low-risk, 136 (33.8%) as high-risk, and 192 (47.8%) as very high-risk. For the initial phase of analysis, the two most studied genes, TET2 and DNMT3A, were selected from a total list of 8 priority genes: ASXL1, DNMT3A, JAK2, PPM1D, SF3B1, SFRS2, TET2, and TP53associated with CHIP, based on their high clinical significance and frequency of occurrence in previously published studies. By filtering the data and selecting two priority genes for primary analysis, 41 patients with atherosclerotic disease were selected from the total cohort. Genetic analyses were performed using high-throughput whole-exome sequencing to cover a wide range of genetic variants potentially associated with CHIP and the atherosclerotic process. Variant annotation was performed using international databases (ClinVar, ExAC, 1000 Genomes, etc.), and mutations were interpreted according to the ACMG/AMP classification using the InterVar platform. Statistical data processing included the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test for pairwise comparisons, and Fisher's exact test; a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Variants were detected in TET2 (n=35) and DNMT3A (n=6). The median VAF value for TET2 was 50%. The age of patients differed significantly between risk groups (p = 0.026). Most of the variants detected had an ultra-rare frequency according to international databases (<0.1%). One pathogenic variant was identified according to the InterVar classification; the others were predominantly of uncertain significance (VUS). The distribution of variants by risk groups showed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.341). Conclusions: The results demonstrate a potential role of CHIP-associated mutations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Mutations in TET2 were found to be the most significant. Given the identified genetic features and their association with cardiovascular risk, the findings justify extending the analysis to the full spectrum of CHIP-associated genes to improve the accuracy of risk stratification. Цель исследования: Оценить вклад клонального гемопоэза неопределенного потенциала (КГНП) в развитие атеросклеротического заболевания в казахстанской когорте с упором на гены TET2 и DNMT3A на основе данных секвенирования нового поколения (NGS). Материалы и методы: Проведено обсервационное поперечное исследование. Когорта состояла из 177 женщин и 225 мужчин, средний возраст которых в целом составил 53,0 ± 9,04 года (мужчины: 52,2 ± 9,0 года; женщины: 53,7 ± 9,0 года). Пациенты были распределены по категориям сердечно-сосудистого риска (низкий, высокий, очень высокий) в соответствии с рекомендациями ESC/EAS(2019). В этой выборке 74 участника (18,4%) были отнесены к группе низкого риска, 136 (33,8%) – к группе высокого риска и 192 (47,8%) – к группе очень высокого риска. Для начальной фазы анализа два наиболее изученных гена, TET2 и DNMT3A, были выбраны из общего списка из 8 приоритетных генов: ASXL1, DNMT3A, JAK2, PPM1D, SF3B1, SFRS2, TET2 и TP53, ассоциированных с КГНП, на основании их высокой клинической значимости и частоты встречаемости в ранее изученных исследованиях. опубликованные исследования. Путем фильтрации данных и выбора двух приоритетных генов для первичного анализа из общей когорты был отобран 41 пациент с атеросклеротическим заболеванием. Генетический анализ был проведен с использованием высокопроизводительного секвенирования всего экзома (NGS, whole-exome sequencing), чтобы охватить широкий спектр генетических вариантов, потенциально связанных с КГНП и атеросклеротическим процессом. Аннотирование вариантов проводилось с использованием международных баз данных (ClinVar, ExAC, 1000 геномов и др.), а мутации интерпретировались в соответствии с классификацией ACMG/AMP с использованием платформы InterVar. Статистическая обработка данных включала непараметрический критерий Крускала-Уоллиса, критерий Данна для парных...
- Open Access
- 31 October 2024
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(26),p. 141-149
CHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF ABCG5/G8 IN SITOSTEROLEMIA: DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENTIATING FROM FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Introduction. Sitosterolemia is a rare genetic disorder directly associated with dysfunction of ABCG5 and G8 genes. The data obtained was used to analyze the cellular mechanisms and the role of transporters in absorption and excretion of serum sterols. Thus, to understand the influence of mutations on the development of cardiovascular disease. Aim. To investigate the clinical manifestation between sitosterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), focusing on how dysfunctions of transporters lead to the misdiagnosis of sitosterolemia as FH. Research Strategy.The data collection was conducted by searching research papers in English based on lipidology. The search strategy identified 118 papers, of which 42 were selected that meet established inclusion criteria: full-text publications in English, meta-analyses, cohort studies, experiments on mice, whereas established exclusion criteria: research papers in other languages, promotional articles, conferences, short reports. The research papers reviewed the span from 1970 to 2022. Results. Inactivation of genes causes the dysregulation of sterols. FH is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas sitosterolemia presents with moderate elevation in LDL-C but dramatic increase in phytosterols. The phenotypic overlap between sitosterolemia and FH complicates detection. Both disorders manifest cardiovascular complications with elevated total cholesterol (TC) levels. The lipid profile distinguishes these conditions, necessitating HPLC, GC-MS tools. Genetic testing for mutations is essential for confirmation. The findings suggest that sitosterolemia mimics the FH state. FH is managed primarily with statins, while sitosterolemia requires ezetimibe. In addition, dietary modifications that reduce the intake of plant sterols are recommended. Conclusion. This review highlights ABCG5 and ABCG8 mutations that impair sterol transport, causing plant sterol accumulation. The condition often leads to xanthomas and early coronary artery disease. A major diagnostic challenge is the overlap with FH, as similar lipid abnormalities can obscure proper diagnosis. Введение. Ситостеролемия - это редкое генетическое заболевание, непосредственно связанное с дисфункцией генов ABCG5 и ABCG8. Полученные данные использовались для анализа клеточных механизмов и роли транспортёров в абсорбции и выведении стеролов из организма. Таким образом, целью исследования является понимание влияния мутаций на развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Цель. Изучить клинические проявления ситостеролемии и семейной гиперхолестеринемии (СГ), с акцентом на то, как дисфункции транспортёров приводят к ошибочной диагнозу ситостеролемии как СГ. Стратегия поиска. Сбор данных осуществлялся путём поиска научных статей на английском языке, посвящённых липидологии. В ходе поиска было выявлено 118 публикаций, из которых 42 статьи соответствовали установленным критериям включения: полнотекстовые публикации на английском языке, метаанализы, исследования пациентов, эксперименты на мышах. Исключались статьи на других языках, рекламные материалы, материалы конференций и краткие отчёты. Обзор охватывал исследования, опубликованные в период с 1970 по 2022 годы. Результаты. Инактивация генов приводит к дисрегуляции транспорта стеролов. Для СГ характерно повышение уровня липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП), в то время как ситостеролемия сопровождается умеренным увеличением ЛПНП, но значительным повышением уровня фитостеролов. Фенотипическое сходство между ситостеролемией и СГ затрудняет их диагностику. Оба заболевания сопровождаются сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениями и повышением общего холестерина (ОХ). Липидный профиль позволяет различать эти состояния, для чего требуются такие методы, как ВЭЖХ и ГХ-МС. Генетическое тестирование на наличие мутаций является необходимым для подтверждения диагноза. Полученные данные показывают, что ситостеролемия имитирует состояние, схожее с СГ. Основной метод лечения СГ — использование статинов, тогда как для ситостеролемии требуется назначение эзетимиба. Кроме того, рекомендуется изменение рациона с ограничением потребления растительных стеролов. Вывод. Обзор подчеркивает, что мутации в генах ABCG5 и ABCG8, нарушающие...
- 31 October 2024
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 5(26),p. 141-149
Open AccessCHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF ABCG5/G8 IN SITOSTEROLEMIA: DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES IN DIFFERENTIATING FROM FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Introduction. Sitosterolemia is a rare genetic disorder directly associated with dysfunction of ABCG5 and G8 genes. The data obtained was used to analyze the cellular mechanisms and the role of transporters in absorption and excretion of serum sterols. Thus, to understand the influence of mutations on the development of cardiovascular disease. Aim. To investigate the clinical manifestation between sitosterolemia and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), focusing on how dysfunctions of transporters lead to the misdiagnosis of sitosterolemia as FH. Research Strategy.The data collection was conducted by searching research papers in English based on lipidology. The search strategy identified 118 papers, of which 42 were selected that meet established inclusion criteria: full-text publications in English, meta-analyses, cohort studies, experiments on mice, whereas established exclusion criteria: research papers in other languages, promotional articles, conferences, short reports. The research papers reviewed the span from 1970 to 2022. Results. Inactivation of genes causes the dysregulation of sterols. FH is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), whereas sitosterolemia presents with moderate elevation in LDL-C but dramatic increase in phytosterols. The phenotypic overlap between sitosterolemia and FH complicates detection. Both disorders manifest cardiovascular complications with elevated total cholesterol (TC) levels. The lipid profile distinguishes these conditions, necessitating HPLC, GC-MS tools. Genetic testing for mutations is essential for confirmation. The findings suggest that sitosterolemia mimics the FH state. FH is managed primarily with statins, while sitosterolemia requires ezetimibe. In addition, dietary modifications that reduce the intake of plant sterols are recommended. Conclusion. This review highlights ABCG5 and ABCG8 mutations that impair sterol transport, causing plant sterol accumulation. The condition often leads to xanthomas and early coronary artery disease. A major diagnostic challenge is the overlap with FH, as similar lipid abnormalities can obscure proper diagnosis. Введение. Ситостеролемия - это редкое генетическое заболевание, непосредственно связанное с дисфункцией генов ABCG5 и ABCG8. Полученные данные использовались для анализа клеточных механизмов и роли транспортёров в абсорбции и выведении стеролов из организма. Таким образом, целью исследования является понимание влияния мутаций на развитие сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Цель. Изучить клинические проявления ситостеролемии и семейной гиперхолестеринемии (СГ), с акцентом на то, как дисфункции транспортёров приводят к ошибочной диагнозу ситостеролемии как СГ. Стратегия поиска. Сбор данных осуществлялся путём поиска научных статей на английском языке, посвящённых липидологии. В ходе поиска было выявлено 118 публикаций, из которых 42 статьи соответствовали установленным критериям включения: полнотекстовые публикации на английском языке, метаанализы, исследования пациентов, эксперименты на мышах. Исключались статьи на других языках, рекламные материалы, материалы конференций и краткие отчёты. Обзор охватывал исследования, опубликованные в период с 1970 по 2022 годы. Результаты. Инактивация генов приводит к дисрегуляции транспорта стеролов. Для СГ характерно повышение уровня липопротеинов низкой плотности (ЛПНП), в то время как ситостеролемия сопровождается умеренным увеличением ЛПНП, но значительным повышением уровня фитостеролов. Фенотипическое сходство между ситостеролемией и СГ затрудняет их диагностику. Оба заболевания сопровождаются сердечно-сосудистыми осложнениями и повышением общего холестерина (ОХ). Липидный профиль позволяет различать эти состояния, для чего требуются такие методы, как ВЭЖХ и ГХ-МС. Генетическое тестирование на наличие мутаций является необходимым для подтверждения диагноза. Полученные данные показывают, что ситостеролемия имитирует состояние, схожее с СГ. Основной метод лечения СГ — использование статинов, тогда как для ситостеролемии требуется назначение эзетимиба. Кроме того, рекомендуется изменение рациона с ограничением потребления растительных стеролов. Вывод. Обзор подчеркивает, что мутации в генах ABCG5 и ABCG8, нарушающие...
- Open Access
- 28 February 2024
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 1(26),p. 7-14
MUTATIONS IN CARDIAC ION CHANNEL GENES IN KAZAKHSTANI PATIENTS WITH LONG QT SYNDROME
Introduction. Cardiac arrhythmias are the most common among the group of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and have a risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heritable disease characterized by prolongation of the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which often leads to syncope and SCD. Currently, identification of mutations in cardiac ion channel genes in patients with LQTS and recognition of genetic causes of the syndrome are actual in cardiology. Aim. To identify cardiac ion channel mutations in genes associated with long QT syndrome in Kazakhstani patients. Materials and methods.This study was designed as a cohort study. At present, our study has identified three patients with LQTS. Nevertheless, the recruitment of additional patients with LQTS for the study is ongoing. Illumina TruSight Cardio panel was used for genetic screening. The cardiopanel consists of 174 genes associated with cardiac disorders including LQTS. After a targeted sequencing, data analysis was carried out using the programs SureCall version 2.0.7.0 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA), ANNOVAR, GTK, bwa, bowtie, bow tie 2, VarScan, etc. Results. Clinically significant variants were found in patients with LQTS. Namely, in genes SCN5A (c.G5296A:p.E1766K) and KCNH2 (c.C662T:p.A221V). Both variants are pathogenic and cause CVDs, specifically LQTS. In addition, c.G3785A mutation (p.R1262Q), a variant of uncertain significance in SCN5A gene was detected in one patient. Although there is insufficient data to determine the role of the variant in development of the disease. Conclusions. Screening for mutations in cardiac ion channel genes in patients with LQTS revealed clinically significant mutations. This research will be useful for Kazakhstani patients with LQTS in evaluation of required genetic testing and reliable genetic guidance to prevent SCD and distinguish between various arrhythmias. Введение. Сердечные аритмии являются наиболее распространенным заболеванием в группе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и имеют риск внезапной сердечной смерти (ВСС). Синдром удлиненного интервала QT (СУИQT) является наследственным заболеванием, характеризующимся удлинением интервала QT на электрокардиограмме (ЭКГ), что часто приводит к обмороку и ВСС. В настоящее время идентификация мутаций в генах сердечных ионных каналов у пациентов с СУИQT и определение генетических причин синдрома актуальны в кардиологии. Цель. Определить мутации сердечных ионных каналов в генах, связанных с СУИQT у пациентов из Казахстана. Материалы и методы. Это исследование разработано в форме когортного исследования. На данный момент наше исследование выявило трех пациентов с СУИQT. Тем не менее, дальнейший набор пациентов для исследования продолжается. Для генетического скрининга использовалась панель – Illumina TruSight Cardio panel. Кардиопанель состоит из 174 генов, связанных с сердечно-сосудистыми нарушениями, включая СУИQT. После таргетного секвенирования был проведен анализ данных с использованием ряда программ SureCall версии 2.0.7.0 (Agilent Technologies, Санта-Клара, Калифорния, США), ANNOVAR, GTK, bwa, bowtie, bow tie 2, VarScan и т.д. Результаты. Клинически значимые варианты были обнаружены у пациентов с СУИQT. А именно, в генах SCN5A (c.G5296A:p.E1766K) и KCNH2 (c.C662T:p.A221V). Оба варианта являются патогенными и вызывают ССЗ, в частности, СУИQT. Кроме того, у одного пациента была обнаружена мутация c.G3785A (p.R1262Q), вариант неопределенной значимости в гене SCN5A. Однако, на сегодняшний день недостаточно данных для определения роли варианта в развитии заболевания. Выводы. Скрининг мутаций в генах сердечных ионных каналов у пациентов с СУИQT выявил клинически значимые мутации. Это исследование будет полезным для казахстанских пациентов с СУИQT для оценки необходимого генетического тестирования и надежного генетического консультирования для предотвращения ВСС и идентификации определенной аритмий. Кіріспе. Жүрек аритмиясы жүрек-қан тамырлары аурулары (ЖҚА) тобында ең көп таралған ауру болып табылады және кенеттен жүрек өлімі (КЖӨ) қаупін тудырады. Ұзартылған QT синдромы (LQTS) - электрокардиограммадағы (ЭКГ) QT аралығының ұзаруымен сипатталатын тұқым қуалайтын ауру, бұл жиі...
- 28 February 2024
- Published by Semey Medical University in Наука и здравоохранение
- No. 1(26),p. 7-14
Open AccessMUTATIONS IN CARDIAC ION CHANNEL GENES IN KAZAKHSTANI PATIENTS WITH LONG QT SYNDROME
Introduction. Cardiac arrhythmias are the most common among the group of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and have a risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heritable disease characterized by prolongation of the QT interval on an electrocardiogram (ECG), which often leads to syncope and SCD. Currently, identification of mutations in cardiac ion channel genes in patients with LQTS and recognition of genetic causes of the syndrome are actual in cardiology. Aim. To identify cardiac ion channel mutations in genes associated with long QT syndrome in Kazakhstani patients. Materials and methods.This study was designed as a cohort study. At present, our study has identified three patients with LQTS. Nevertheless, the recruitment of additional patients with LQTS for the study is ongoing. Illumina TruSight Cardio panel was used for genetic screening. The cardiopanel consists of 174 genes associated with cardiac disorders including LQTS. After a targeted sequencing, data analysis was carried out using the programs SureCall version 2.0.7.0 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA), ANNOVAR, GTK, bwa, bowtie, bow tie 2, VarScan, etc. Results. Clinically significant variants were found in patients with LQTS. Namely, in genes SCN5A (c.G5296A:p.E1766K) and KCNH2 (c.C662T:p.A221V). Both variants are pathogenic and cause CVDs, specifically LQTS. In addition, c.G3785A mutation (p.R1262Q), a variant of uncertain significance in SCN5A gene was detected in one patient. Although there is insufficient data to determine the role of the variant in development of the disease. Conclusions. Screening for mutations in cardiac ion channel genes in patients with LQTS revealed clinically significant mutations. This research will be useful for Kazakhstani patients with LQTS in evaluation of required genetic testing and reliable genetic guidance to prevent SCD and distinguish between various arrhythmias. Введение. Сердечные аритмии являются наиболее распространенным заболеванием в группе сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) и имеют риск внезапной сердечной смерти (ВСС). Синдром удлиненного интервала QT (СУИQT) является наследственным заболеванием, характеризующимся удлинением интервала QT на электрокардиограмме (ЭКГ), что часто приводит к обмороку и ВСС. В настоящее время идентификация мутаций в генах сердечных ионных каналов у пациентов с СУИQT и определение генетических причин синдрома актуальны в кардиологии. Цель. Определить мутации сердечных ионных каналов в генах, связанных с СУИQT у пациентов из Казахстана. Материалы и методы. Это исследование разработано в форме когортного исследования. На данный момент наше исследование выявило трех пациентов с СУИQT. Тем не менее, дальнейший набор пациентов для исследования продолжается. Для генетического скрининга использовалась панель – Illumina TruSight Cardio panel. Кардиопанель состоит из 174 генов, связанных с сердечно-сосудистыми нарушениями, включая СУИQT. После таргетного секвенирования был проведен анализ данных с использованием ряда программ SureCall версии 2.0.7.0 (Agilent Technologies, Санта-Клара, Калифорния, США), ANNOVAR, GTK, bwa, bowtie, bow tie 2, VarScan и т.д. Результаты. Клинически значимые варианты были обнаружены у пациентов с СУИQT. А именно, в генах SCN5A (c.G5296A:p.E1766K) и KCNH2 (c.C662T:p.A221V). Оба варианта являются патогенными и вызывают ССЗ, в частности, СУИQT. Кроме того, у одного пациента была обнаружена мутация c.G3785A (p.R1262Q), вариант неопределенной значимости в гене SCN5A. Однако, на сегодняшний день недостаточно данных для определения роли варианта в развитии заболевания. Выводы. Скрининг мутаций в генах сердечных ионных каналов у пациентов с СУИQT выявил клинически значимые мутации. Это исследование будет полезным для казахстанских пациентов с СУИQT для оценки необходимого генетического тестирования и надежного генетического консультирования для предотвращения ВСС и идентификации определенной аритмий. Кіріспе. Жүрек аритмиясы жүрек-қан тамырлары аурулары (ЖҚА) тобында ең көп таралған ауру болып табылады және кенеттен жүрек өлімі (КЖӨ) қаупін тудырады. Ұзартылған QT синдромы (LQTS) - электрокардиограммадағы (ЭКГ) QT аралығының ұзаруымен сипатталатын тұқым қуалайтын ауру, бұл жиі...