Mina K. Gadjimagomedova

Cereal grains contain bioactive compounds that may influence longevity. We investigated the effects of 20 cereal varieties on longevity and healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster, including triticale, bread wheat, durum wheats, ancient wheats, and regional varieties. Cereal-based diets exhibited sex-specific differences relative to cereal-free controls: females showed 3–13% longer lifespans while males exhibited reduced lifespans by up to 19%. In females, clear patterns were observed: pronounced lifespan differences (3–11% longer than controls) were concurrent with higher thermotolerance, while moderate lifespan differences (2–6% longer than controls) were associated with greater oxidative stress resistance and locomotor activity, but lower starvation resistance than controls. Males demonstrated higher stress resistance than controls despite shortened lifespan. Gene expression analysis revealed that female-specific lifespan differences were concurrent with elevated expression of immune-related genes (AttA, CecA1, DptA). These results suggest cereal-mediated longevity differences operate through sex-specific physiological pathways involving trade-offs between stress resistance and metabolic regulation.

An endeavor is made to analyze the development of cabbage seed production in Dagestan whose soil and climatic conditions are conducive to the use of a seed-growing practice without replanting. The vegetable seed production system in southern Dagestan is undergoing modernization within the framework of a subprogram of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Agriculture. Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR has started implementing one of the tasks under an integrated research and development project entitled “Obtaining competitive mid-late and late white cabbage hybrids with the purpose of import substitution”. This task includes identification of seed production areas with sites best suited for the seed production of white cabbage with various ripening schedules. Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR has many years of experience in growing vegetable seeds and is located in Derbent District, an area with natural and climatic environments most favorable for cabbage seed production.

Կատարվել է տրիտիկալեի (X. Triticosecale Wittmacks) սելեկցիոն-արժեքավոր հատկանիշների՝ թփակալման, բույսերի բարձրության, հասկի երկարության, հասունացման, կանգունության, սնկային հիվանդությունների նկատմամբ կայունության, ինչպես նաև հասկում հատիկների քանակի, լցվածության և ապակենմանության գնահատում։ Հետազոտության է ենթարկվել Ն.Ի. Վավիլովի անվան բույսերի գենետիկական ռեսուրսների համառուսական հետազոտական ինստիտուտի համաշխարհային հավաքածուի հեքսապլոիդ տրիտիկալեի 11 սորտանմուշ: Անալիզի վիճակագրական մեթոդով ուսումնասիրվել է սորտանմուշների արժեքավոր հատկանիշների փոխադարձ կապը, ինչը կարող է հիմք ծառայել հացահատիկի բարձրորակ և բարձրբերքատու նոր սորտեր ստանալու համար։

A study was carried out of the yield and elements of the productivity structure of 32 varieties of hexaploid triticale of various origins from the world collection of VIR. The work was carried out at the Dagestan OS – a branch of VIR, located in the southern flat zone of the Republic of Dagestan. For a comparative study, wheat varieties Nika Kubani and Tanya were used. The study showed that the studied triticale varieties exceeded wheat varieties in terms of such characteristics as: yield, ear length, number of spikelets, grains and grain weight per ear and 1000 grains. However, according to some indicators that determine potential yield, triticale is inferior to wheat – the number of productive stems and the number of grain-free flowers per ear. Based on a complex of economically valuable traits, triticale varieties were identified: PRAGi – 494, 415/3, 479, 468, 483/1, 470/1 and 473/2 (Dagestan), Presto 401 (Poland), Newton (France), TSW 2507 (Germany), which can be recommended as a source material in practical breeding work when creating new varieties with high productivity.

Background. Calibration models were developed for rapid assessment of crucial agronomic indicators in the grain of winter and spring triticale from the VIR collection using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). These calibration models will enable users to find the most optimal utilization trends for individual triticale accessions. Materials and methods. Indicators of agronomic value (coloration, moisture, and the content of ash, protein, starch, amylose and fiber) were studied on a set of 32 grain samples collected from winter and spring triticale forms (Triticosecale Wittm. & A. Camus) reproduced in 2021–2022 at the Dagestan Experiment Station, a branch of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Calibration models for the assessment of the said agronomic characters in triticale grain were developed on the platform of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer (Bruker Optics, Germany) and based on the values obtained by classical methods of biochemical analysis adopted at VIR. Results. Reliability of the calibration models was tested on a randomized batch of triticale grain samples: the results of the new calibrations were compared with those of the conventional biochemical analysis. This verification showed that the data obtained through the use of calibration curves were reliable for protein and ash content, while other models required further improvement. Conclusion. Calibration models for measuring protein and ash content developed on the basis of the MATRIX-I IR analyzer can be used to perform rapid assessment of the winter and spring triticale grain. This method makes it possible to accelerate the process of obtaining crop characteristics for a number of basic agronomic characters and preserve valuable breeding material.