Anıl ERKAN

Nowadays, with the increasing energy demand and concerns about environmental sustainability, hydrogen is regarded as a crucial energy carrier in reducing dependence on conventional fuels. Hydrogen plays a critical role in various fields, particularly in fuel cells. Therefore, due to the undesirable effects of pure hydrogen usage on temperature and emissions, as well as the challenges and high costs of storage, efforts are being made to blend it with conventional fuels in varying proportions to achieve optimal combustion conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of adding hydrogen gas at different concentrations, without pre-mixing, to the methane combustion reaction inside the burner on flame characteristics. The combustion reaction of CH4 was carried out with six different H₂ concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%), and it was observed that as the H2 ratio increased, the flame temperature rose and its shape became more stable. The maximum flame temperature was recorded as 2732.248 K with 15% H₂. At 25% H2, the mixture exhibited behavior similar to that of a rich combustion mixture. The burner used in this study provides an alternative solution in the field of hydrogen burners.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are most common in the central nervous system. Peripheral placements are extremely rare. PNET is from the Ewing sarcoma family. Ewing's sarcoma is evaluated in two groups: bone and non-bone origin. Renal PNET is extremely rare. Peripheral PNETs of renal origin are usually seen in young adults, progress with an aggressive clinical picture and have a poor prognosis. in the follow-up imaging of a 62-year-old female patient after gastrectomy due to stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma), a renal mass was detected incidentally in the left kidney. The patient had no identified complaints. In the middle segment of the left kidney, computed tomography (CT) examination untracked 42.5x44.6 mm nodular mass lesion which holds hipodens contrast material was noticed. The patient underwent laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy. On pathological examination, a diagnosis of PNET/Ewing sarcoma was made. Immunohistochemically, membranous/cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with FLI1 and CD99 were observed in the tumor sections. However, staining with LCA was not seen. The patient was scheduled chemotherapy by oncology. At the end of the fourth course of chemotherapy, no recurrence was found in the radiological controls of the patient.