David Antonio Zúñiga-Gracia

When exposing ourselves to the sun, it is essential to take precautions to protect our skin and take advantage of the benefits of UV radiation safely. Some of the preventive measures to protect the skin from the sun's rays is the use of sunscreen. In order to contribute to the generation of technologies, a pilot proposal was made using a sunscreen based on (Euphorbia Antisyphilitica Zucc.) and Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Mil) is made in an organic way free of chemicals, which provides protection against sun rays and at the same time has components that help moisturize, stimulate collagen in the skin, soften and provide vitamins and minerals that stimulate the production of new cells and expel bacteria as an agent to prevent sunburn and skin rashes or other damage to the skin. fur. As well as the preliminary carrying out of a market study with conclusive results. A report given by the government of Mexico states that permanent exposure to rays causes damage to the skin that ranges from the appearance of deep wrinkles and spots to cancer, the latter being among the 10 most common malignant neoplasms among the population. Mexican, warned the head of the Dermatology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ivonne Arellano Mendoza.

Mexico has the agro-climatic conditions for the commercial production of chili. The jalapeño chili being native to this country and belonging to the genus Capsicum and the species annuum, considered the most famous and widespread species in the world. Every year, Mexico reports countless hectares of chili cultivation, where the jalapeño type occupies first place. To achieve adequate and sustainable nutrition for this crop, as a possible solution, the advantages offered by different organic fertilizers have been studied, which influence the fertility of the soil by improving its properties. In the present study, the effects of different organic fertilizers and a chemical fertilizer on the jalapeño pepper crop were evaluated, as well as their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. The fertilizers used, as well as their concentrations, were as follows: Solarized manure 20 ton/ha-1, control treatment, solarized manure 40 ton/ha-1, chemical treatment (MAP) 100 kg/ha-1, vermicompost 20 ton/ha-1, vermicompost 40 ton/ha-1. The results showed that the vermicompost-based treatments with 20 and 40 tons/ha-1 showed significant differences compared to the manure and chemical-based treatments considering yield, fruit quality, organic matter content, moisture, electrical conductivity, nitrate content, as well as soluble phosphorus content.

Hydroponic green fodder (HGF) represents an alternative for plant feed production under intensive management systems with efficient resource use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization type and evaluation time on the growth and yield of maize HGF. The experiment was conducted under a 3 × 5 factorial design, including three fertilization treatments (absolute control, organic fertilization, and commercial fertilization) and five evaluation times. Variables related to root development, stem growth, fresh weight, and dry matter content were analyzed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The results showed significant differences among fertilization treatments and evaluation times, highlighting organic fertilization for higher total fresh weight and commercial fertilization for higher dry matter content. Overall, the findings confirm the influence of nutrient management and harvest timing on the productivity of maize hydroponic green fodder.

Background: Chili peppers in Mexico are one of the most important crops from the cultural, agronomic, nutritional and economic points of view. Objective: To evaluate the effects of biofertilization on agronomic and quality variables of jalapeño peppers. Methodology: During the spring-summer 2023 cycle in the experimental field of the Polytechnic University of the Laguna Region, the following treatments were applied in a genotype of hybrid jalapeño pepper Orizaba F1 in the open field: T1: Chemical fertilization (160-80-00), T2: Phytohormones Cytokinins (3000 ppm), gibberellins (35 ppm), auxins (35 ppm) at a dose of 1 L/ha, T3: Growth-promoting bacteria (PCBs) (Bacillus subtillis: 1x1010 CFU, Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter vinelandii, Pseudomonas fluorescens: 1x108 CFU), T4: Growth-promoting bacteria (PCBs) (Bacillus subtillis: 1x1010 CFU, Azospirillum brasilense, Azotobacter vinelandii, Pseudomonas fluorescens: 1x108 CFU) + Chemical fertilization (80-40-00), T5: chemical fertilization (80-40-00). Results: Significant differences were detected in the variables diameter and length of fruits, so that the application of bacteria plus chemical fertilization (T4) was statistically higher with 32.10 and 79.67 cm respectively. The application of T3 showed capacity to increase flavonoids and vitamin C with a mean of 935.20 mgEAG 100 g-1 and 123.20 mg 100 g-1. In capsaicin content, T3 showed potential for the increase of this compound with 250.40 mg mL-1. Implications: The study shows some results that can be used as a possible solution for the reduction of some chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of jalapeño peppers through the application of beneficial microorganisms. Conclusion: PCBs improve the growth and quality of jalapeño pepper fruits by increasing the content of flavonoids, vitamin C, capsaicin as well as the diameter and length of fruits, which may be associated with a biostimulant effect on the crop.

Background. Food production as the world population increases is an issue of global importance, resulting in uncertainty around agri-food security (AS). It is essential to apply new technology that monitors and makes crop management more efficient to achieve sustainable development (SD). One technology responsible for improving conventional farmers' practices is precision agriculture (PA) using tools such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence and geospatial analysis. In this sense, the monitoring of markers through satellite images requires knowledge for adequate interpretations. Some satellites have multispectral images, monitoring with these has demonstrated high precision in predicting crop yields. There are several satellites, Landsat 8 (L8) and Sentinel-2 (S2) are the most advanced and open access. Objective. To present the spectrophotometric fundamentals and current state of remote sensing with S2 multispectral images in relation to problems facing agriculture. It is concluded that remote sensing is a tool that contributes to the proper management of agricultural production, showing high reliability. Methodology. This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), a systematic analysis of literature in the databases was carried out. MDPI, Springer Link, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis and Google Scholar were consulted. The key words were “Sentinel-2, R2, Salinity, Pest, Nitrogen, Drought”. Zotero (www.zotero.org) was used as a free access bibliography manager; articles that were not related to the research objectives were excluded. Results. Articles related to the objective of this review were identified in the databases; the study was structured based on the needs of precision agriculture (PA). The importance of adequately managing the water demand of crops, salinity stress, pest detection and the movement of nitrogen (N) in the soil-plant-atmosphere interaction. Implications. Remote perception of phenomena at the field level represents an area for improvement in crop management. Increasing resource efficiency is crucial to achieving agri-food security (AS) and thus part of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Conclusion. The S2 has multispectral images that, when processed, allow obtaining information about the crop, i.e. monitoring stress, humidity in plants and optimization of plant nutrition. With PA, decisions are made for crop management, costs are reduced by reducing losses due to crop stress, and resource efficiency increases.