Alfredo Daniel Rivera-Zamarripa

El objetivo fue formular insecticidas a base de Larrea tridentata, Allium sativum y Melia azedarach L. para el control de Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Las muestras fueron secadas (40 °C). Se utilizó la extracción asistida por ultrasonido (30 min a 42 kHz). Se formularon 4 insecticidas a partir de los extractos en una disolución acuosa al 1 % (v/v); Larrea tridentata (1), Allium sativum (2), Melia azedarach (3) y la mezcla de los anteriores (4) a la misma proporción (33.33 %). Las formulaciones se caracterizaron fisicoquímicamente, así como la actividad insecticida. Se realizó la caracterización fitoquímica tentativa por máximos de absorción y la fisiológica del estrés vegetal en plantas de Helianthus annuus con Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Se evaluó la mortalidad en Apis mellifera. Los valores de pH se mantuvieron en 4.68 y 6.10, la conductividad fue < 65.62 μS/cm, los SST fueron < 0.2°Bx y los insecticidas se mantuvieron estables (> 91 d). Los insecticidas resultaron efectivos manteniendo una repelencia hasta el 40 % desde las 240 h. De acuerdo con la toxicidad aguda, los insecticidas mostraron un efecto significativo debido al 100 % de supervivencia de Apis mellifera. Los insecticidas presentaron estabilidad fisicoquímica, y capacidad para el control de Trialeurodes vaporariorum.

One of the main challenges in aquaculture is the accumulation of nitrogenous compounds derived from fish excreta, which can negatively affect water quality and increase production costs associated with effluent management. In this context, aquaponics has emerged as an alternative production system that integrates fish and vegetable cultivation, allowing the nutrients generated within the system to be reutilized through plant assimilation. The present study was conducted at the experimental greenhouse facilities of the Polytechnic University of the Laguna Region, with the objective of evaluating the dynamics of nitrate concentration and its relationship with the morphological development of lettuce (height) and tilapia mojarra (length) produced in an aquaponic system during the period from August to December 2021. Weekly measurements of nitrate concentration in the system water were performed, along with assessments of fish and plant growth based on representative samples. The results showed a progressive increase in both tilapia length and lettuce height throughout the study period, accompanied by fluctuations in nitrate concentration over time. The observed trends suggest that nitrate assimilation by plants contributed to maintaining water quality within ranges suitable for the development of both biological components of the system. Overall, the findings indicate that aquaponics can promote more efficient management of nutrients and water resources, positioning it as a production alternative with potential for integrated food production in water-limited environments. However, further studies are needed to deepen the understanding of nitrogen compound dynamics under conditions of higher biological load and extended production cycles.

Hydroponic green fodder (HGF) represents an alternative for plant feed production under intensive management systems with efficient resource use. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization type and evaluation time on the growth and yield of maize HGF. The experiment was conducted under a 3 × 5 factorial design, including three fertilization treatments (absolute control, organic fertilization, and commercial fertilization) and five evaluation times. Variables related to root development, stem growth, fresh weight, and dry matter content were analyzed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and mean comparison using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The results showed significant differences among fertilization treatments and evaluation times, highlighting organic fertilization for higher total fresh weight and commercial fertilization for higher dry matter content. Overall, the findings confirm the influence of nutrient management and harvest timing on the productivity of maize hydroponic green fodder.