Oanh Duong Hoang

This study investigated the perceptions of AAW among educators (n = 47), students (n = 359), and aquaculture sector stakeholders (n = 34) in key aquaculture regions of South and South-Central Vietnam. Using a mixed-methods survey, perception scores, understanding of core welfare concepts, curricular coverage, and willingness to pay (WTP) for higher-welfare products were assessed. Although perception scores were high across surveyed groups, only 5.57% of students identified most of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare, while 17.0% showed no understanding of welfare. This highlighted a gap between awareness and understanding, leading to the development of the Awareness Depth Gap Framework. A small but statistically significant negative correlation (Kendall–Theil –Sen slope = −0.28, p < 1.25 × 10⁻¹²) indicated that greater AAW curricular inclusion was associated with stronger welfare attitudes. Willingness to pay modest premiums (6–10%) for higher-welfare products increased non-linearly with higher perception scores among educators and students. In contrast, aquaculture sector stakeholders appeared to prioritise economic factors over welfare. These results highlight the need for structured AAW curricula and community collaborative education to close knowledge gaps. This study provides the first empirical insights into AAW perceptions across the education and aquaculture sectors in Vietnam.

This study was carried out to investigate the perceptions of aquatic animal welfare (AAW) among educators (n = 47), students (n = 359), and aquaculture sector stakeholders (n = 34) in key aquaculture regions of South and South-Central Vietnam. Using a mixed-methods survey, we assessed perception scores, understanding of core welfare concepts, curricular coverage, and willingness to pay for welfare-friendly products. Although perception scores were high across surveyed groups, only 5.57% of students could identify most of the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare, and 17.0% showed no understanding of welfare, highlighting a gap between awareness and understanding. No significant differences were found by academic major or year, indicating systemic curricular gaps. A small but significant negative correlation (Kendall–Theil Sen slope = –0.28, p < 1.25 × 10⁻¹²) suggests that greater curricular integration of AAW is associated with stronger welfare attitudes. Willingness to pay modest premiums (6–10%) for welfare-friendly products increased non-linearly with higher perception scores among educators and students, while aquaculture sector stakeholders appeared to prioritise economic factors over welfare. Although 88.2% of aquaculture sector stakeholder’s respondents supported curriculum reform and practical training opportunities, few (41.2%) identified formal competency standards for graduates. These results highlight the need for structured AAW curricula, community collaborative education models, and targeted interventions to close awareness understanding gaps. This study provides the first empirical insights into AAW perceptions among key education and aquaculture industry groups in Vietnam, offering a foun-dation for policy-driven curriculum reform to support ethical and sustainable aquaculture.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT COLORS ON THE GROWTH OF THE ALGAE Thalassiosira pseudonana Tóm tắt: Nghiên cứu xác định ảnh hưởng các loại màu sắc ánh sáng khác nhau lên quá trình sinh trưởng của tảo Thalassiosira pseudonana. Thí nghiệm có ba nghiệm thức nuôi tảo ở ba loại ánh sáng: trắng, xanh dương và đỏ, mỗi nghiệm thức được lặp lại ba lần. Nghiệm thức 1: nuôi tảo bằng nguồn ánh sáng trắng; nghiệm thức 2: nuôi tảo bằng nguồn ánh sáng xanh dương (đèn LED)và nghiệm thức 3: nuôi tảo bằng nguồn ánh sáng đỏ (đèn LED). Tảo ở các nghiệm thức được nuôi trong thùng nhựa trắng trong suốt có thể tích 10 lít đặt ở nhiệt độ phòng, cường độ ánh sáng ở 3.000 Lux. Nuôi tảo có độ mặn 30o/oo, sử dụng môi trường Walne và mật độ tảo ban đầu 1 x 105 tb/mL. Kết quả cho thấy sinh khối tảo ở nghiệm thức nuôi từ nguồn ánh sáng xanh dương đạt kếtquả tốt nhất ở ngày thứ 7 với mật độ tối đa là 30,7±0,7 x 105 tb/mL, khác biệt có ý nghĩa (p < 0,05) so với nguồn ánh sáng trắng (29,5±0,5 x 105 tb/mL) và ánh sáng đỏ (21,6±0,1 x 105 tb/mL). Nghiên cứu đề xuất có thể dùng ánh sáng xanh dương từ đèn LED để thay thế cho ánh sáng trắng (truyền thống). This research aims to determine the effects of different light colors on the growth of Thalassiosira pseudonana algae. The experiment had three treatments for growing algae under three types of light: white, blue, and red. Each treatment was repeated three times. Treatment 1 involves growing algae under white light; Treatment 2 uses blue light (LED); and Treatment 3 utilizes red light (LED). Algae in the treatments are raised in transparent white plastic containers with a volume of 10 liters placed at room temperature, with the light intensity at 3,000 Lux. Algae were cultured with 30o/oo salinity, using Walne composition and an algal concentration of 1 x 105 cells/mL. The result showed that algal biomass in the treatment grown from the blue light source achieved the best result on day 7, with a maximum density of 30.7±0.7 x 105 cells/mL. The difference was significant (p < 0.05) compared to the white light source (29.5±0.5 x 105 cells/mL) and the red light source (21.6±0.1 x 105 cells/mL). The study suggests that blue lightfrom LED lights can replace traditional white light.