Hemn Karim M. Salih

The constructivist approach is one of the most important approaches to understanding the content of poetic texts. As is obvious, with the development of human thought, the field of literature has developed in parallel with human life or delimitation between two different periods and stages, and focused on the term and concept (constructivism) and tried to explain the principles of this concept and then discussed the beginnings of the emergence of this concept in Kurdish literature. The reason for choosing this topic (Constructivist Approach and Interpretation of Two Poems of Goran and Ghobadi Jalizadeh) is due to pay more attention to the ability of these two poets, to go through their poems and reveal the structure of their texts. Additionally, this research consists of two main parts: the first part refers to the theoretical aspects of constructivism and the second part discusses the theory of constructivism. The problems of the research are the lack of academic research or literary criticism with this method. The research method has been conducted in a constructive manner and the methodological method has been used as necessary.

The term Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks and genocide committed by the Ba’ath Regime against Kurdish people in the north of Iraq. Anfal literally means the spoils of war and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Saddam Hussein. The Anfal campaign takes its name Surah Al-Anfal in the Holy Quran. The Ba’athists misused what the Quran says. Hundreds of thousands of Kurdish innocent men، women، and children were killed and disappeared during the Anfal campaign. In addition، a countless number of villages were destroyed and razed to the ground. The Ba’ath Regime attempted to evict forcefully Kurdish families and wipe out them from their ancestral home، and change the demographics of Kurdistan by relocating Arabs from elsewhere in Iraq to Kurdish villages. In the 1980s، the regime’s oppression and fascism against Kurds developed and reached its peak in 1988. There is a close relationship between society and literature. Literature reflects the culture and society; its good values، and its ills، of the time in which it was set. Thus، the genocide that happened in the Badinan territory had a great influence on the intellectuals and writers and their literary works. Kurdish writers began to write novels، tales،and poems about this tragedy. Mu’ayad Tayib is one of the poets of the Badinan territory to be touched by this calamity، the Anfal.

Wine and drinking as important themes have always had clear reflections in the world of literature. Poets demonstrate their excessive zeal to the assemblage of wine and drinking. This type of literature originates from Persian literature with Rudaki and keeps being one of the underlying themes until reaches the top with Damghani. In Kurdish literature, Wine-purely secular meaning – as a dominant and pivotal theme starts with Hemn Mukryani. For thus reason Hemn is appointed among other Kurdish poets for this study. This article addresses this question, how wine and drinking reflect in both Poet’s work. In a descriptive way, this article analyses a poem of Hemn and two poems of Damghni as materials of the study. Mutual aspects of wine and drinking can be noticed in their poems. Like Damghani, Hemn uses wine to take pleasure and as sort of escapism from difficulties of life.