Tahzib Ibrahim Protik

Nanoparticles (NPs) are gaining popularity due to their exceptional size-to-volume ratio, which enables them to efficiently perform a wide range of chemical reactions. The application of these particles has expanded rapidly in various sectors. However, the traditional methods for synthesizing NPs often involve the use of toxic chemicals. Although these toxic chemicals can produce useful target NPs, the production of hazardous byproducts is inevitable. Green synthesis processes always exclude toxic materials from the synthesis procedures and use supplementary materials that are natural or less harmful. This study focuses on the synthesis of these materials without the use of toxic chemicals and the production of NPs from natural resources, such as peels, leaves, petals of flowers, fruits, and roots. These starting materials are cheap and safe and may reduce the impact of waste on the environment. This study also focuses on the application of such NPs in a variety of industries. Some examples of these industries include agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals.