“All-in-One” Hall Rectenna Surpassing 100 GHz Bandwidth

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Abstract
Current-carrying nonlinear electron transport in extrinsically doped PN diodes or junctions, leading to rectification and wave-mixing, forms the foundation of modern electronics and optoelectronics. However, these rectifiers and mixers face fundamental limitations in cut-off wavelength, frequency, sensitivity, and working temperature due to thermal-voltage thresholds and transit-time limits. Here, we demonstrate an “all-in-one” nonlinear Hall rectenna based on a type-II Weyl semimetal at room temperature, showing versatile electromagnetic conversion abilities arising from the band geometry and topology. It encompasses capabilities of a broadband frequency-comb exceeding the 27th order, subharmonic-mixing at extremely low power levels of -25 dBm, and tunable sideband bandwidth and intermediate frequency outputs surpassing 100 GHz and 27 GHz, respectively. Notably, the nonlinear Hall rectification shows superior performance with photonic frequencies extending over 0.8 THz. Our work provides unique pathways for developing ultra-compact, low-power Hall-rectenna by engineering the quantum geometry of Bloch wavefunctions, for next-generation terahertz communication, spectroscopy, and sensing applications.

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