COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF THREE SPECIES OF THE GENUS GERANIUM L. FLORA OF THE BAIKAL REGION

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Abstract
Representatives of the genus Geranium L. are used in ethnopharmacology in many countries for gastric diseases, for wound healing, as a hemostatic agent for hemoptysis, and for diabetes mellitus. We have conducted a study of the chemical composition of the aboveground part of the most common species of the genus Geranium in the Baikal region. Samples of the raw materials for the study were collected in 2023 during the growing season, budding, flowering and fruiting on grasslands and forest edges in the southern regions of the Irkutsk region. The component composition of phenolic compounds was studied by MK-HPLC-UV in alcohol extracts using commercial reference samples. In the above-ground part of the Geranium eriostemon Fischer. 14 compounds were identified (geranium is predominant – 15.25 mg/g, ellagic acid – 2.29 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-glucoside – 2.11 mg/g); Geranium pratense L. – 11 compounds (geranium is predominant – 12.10 mg/g, trigalloyl glucose (isomer 1) – 4.21 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside – 1.64 mg/g); Geranium wlassovianum Fischer. -15 (geraniin – 5.26 mg/g, epicatechin – 2.53 mg/g, ellagic acid – 3.27 mg/g, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside – 1.85 mg/g predominate). By spectrophotometry, the amount of tannins in terms of gallic acid in these species ranges from 2.98 to 3.71%, the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin ranges from 2.87 to 3.92%. The maximum content of the sum of tannins and flavonoids is observed during the flowering period. The threshold prognostic level of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity for derivatives of gallic acid, ellagic acid and flavonoids was determined by the Pass method, hemostatic activity was predicted only for flavonoid compounds.

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