Elena Gennadyevna Privalova

Aim: to develop and validate the methods of quantitative determination of the sum of flavonoids and the sum of simple phenols in the collection of gynecological anti-inflammatory mixture. Material and methods. The object of the study is a gynecological anti-inflammatory preparation containing five-leaved shrubby cinquefoil shoots, one-sided orchis herb, and lingonberry leaves. The total amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin was determined using differential spectrophotometry, and the total amount of simple phenols was determined using direct spectrophotometry in terms of arbutin. The methods have been validated. Results. Optimal extraction conditions have been established – the extractant is ethyl alcohol 60%, the particle size of the raw material is 2 mm, the extraction time is 40 minutes and the ratio of raw materials:extractant 1:100 (to extract the amount of flavonoids), 60 min and the ratio of raw materials:extractant 1:50 (for extraction of simple phenols) respectively. Validation characteristics, i.e. linearity, repeatability, reproducibility and correctness, have been established for the developed methods for the quantitative determination of the sum of flavonoids and the sum of simple phenols. The specified characteristics are within the criteria of acceptability and are precise. Based on the results of the analysis of 6 semi-industrial batches, the recommended content of flavonoids is at least 2%, and the recommended content of simple phenols is at least 1%. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, methods for the quantitative determination of the main biologically active compounds of the gynecological anti-inflammatory mixture have been developed and validated, which ensures the quality and safety of the developed medicinal product.

The genus Tripleurospermum of the Asteraceae family (Tripleurospermum, Asteraceae) is one of the numerous genera represented by 40 species. The species Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip. is found both wild in the European part of Russia and as an introduced species in Siberia and the Far East. It is an impurity in the official raw material, Chamomillae recutita flores. In the folk medicine of Eastern Siberia, T. inodorum is used as a pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, wound-healing, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, and insecticidal agent. There is information about the presence of bitterness, mucus, ascorbic acid, essential oil, flavonoids, and phenolic carboxylic acids. The pharmacological effects of the biologically active compounds found in the extract from the aerial parts of T. inodorum have been previously studied. It has been established that it has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in gastrointestinal diseases, as well as other types of activity, such as antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and antitoxic effects. This study focuses on the isolation and identification of compounds from the aerial parts of the T. inodorum species, which is native to Eastern Siberia. The raw materials were collected in the Irkutsk region during the flowering period in 2022. The isolation and identification of individual phenolic compounds were performed using preparative column chromatography on a polyamide sorbent and microcolumn HPLC on a Milichrom A-02 chromatograph. The study revealed 12 phenolic compounds, of which: 3 coumarins – coumarin, umbelliferon, esculetin; 5 flavonoids – apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-(6"-acetyl)-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside; 4 phenolic carboxylic acids – chlorogenic, caffeic, 3,5-dicofeylquinic, 4-O-caffeylquinic. In addition, matrixaria ether and dihydromatrixaria ether were detected. The relative content of phenolic compounds was 13,94 mg/g.

Aim – to study the component composition of elements and amino acids in three species of the genus Geranium L. growing in the Baikal region. Material and methods. The above-ground organs of Geranium wlassovianum Fisch., G. eriostemon Fisch., G. pratense L. were collected during the flowering period in the southern regions of the Irkutsk region. The elemental composition was studied after the ashing of the raw material samples (0.030 g) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on an Agilent 7500 ce quadrupole mass spectrometer. Amino acids were analyzed after hydrolysis using the Amino Acid Analyzer AAA 339 M (Mikrotechna, Czech Republic). Results. The three species of the genus Geranium contain 54 elements, including essential ones. There is a high content of manganese in G. wlassovianum 39 mg/g, in G. eriostemon 66 mg/g, in G. pratense 43 mg/g. 23 amino acids have been identified in the composition of amino acids. The predominant amino acids were glutamic acid (5.94 and 11.32 mg/g, respectively) in G. wlassovianum and G. pratense, and glutamine (4.06 mg/g), which was identified only in this species. G. wlassovianum also contained high levels of aspartic and cysteine acids (4.44 and 2.00 mg/g, respectively), G. eriostemon contains high levels of glutamic acid and phenylalanine (3.61 and 2.90 mg/g, respectively), and G. pratense contains high levels of aspartic acid and leucine (6.96 and 6.22 mg/g, respectively). Conclusion. The analysis showed the presence in the above-ground organs of the species Geranium wlassovianum, G. eriostemon, G. pratense of the flora of the Baikal region of elements and amino acids that are involved in ensuring the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system.

Common daisy – Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. is a promising plant of folk medicine. This species is used for the treatment of various diseases and contains phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory effect. The search for new phenol-containing plants is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to isolate and identify phenolic compounds from the aerial part of Leucanthemum vulgare and to evaluate the potential of their anti-inflammatory effect. The isolation and identification of phenolic compounds was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). The biological activity of the isolated compounds was predicted using the PASS software product on the Way2Drug platform. As a result, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, 5-O-, 3,4-di-O-, and 3,5-di-O-caffeic acids were isolated and identified. The total amount of phenolic compounds was dominated by caffeylquinic acids – 8,74 mg/g air-dry raw materials, of which more than half were 3,5-di-O-caffeylquinic acid (3,41 mg/g). In the flavonoid group, the predominant content of apigenin-7-O-glucoside was noted. The PASS method predicted a high level of anti–inflammatory activity for flavonoids - Pa from 0,707 to 0,726 and caffeylquinic acids – Pa from 0,598 to 0,657. The highest probability of this effect was calculated for the flavonoid apigenin and 3,4-O-dicofeoylquinic acid. Possible molecular mechanisms of anti–inflammatory activity were considered, among which the maximum values were: free radical scavenger – Pa from 0,719 to 0,951 and membrane integrity agonist – Pa from 0,890 to 0,983. Flavonoids are most likely to act as an antagonist of the anaphylotoxin receptor - Pa from 0,931 to 0,954, and caffeylquinic acids as immunosuppressants – Pa from 0,684 to 0,708. The results demonstrated the potential for the introduction of Leucanthemum vulgare raw materials into medical practice as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Representatives of the genus Geranium L. are used in ethnopharmacology in many countries for gastric diseases, for wound healing, as a hemostatic agent for hemoptysis, and for diabetes mellitus. We have conducted a study of the chemical composition of the aboveground part of the most common species of the genus Geranium in the Baikal region. Samples of the raw materials for the study were collected in 2023 during the growing season, budding, flowering and fruiting on grasslands and forest edges in the southern regions of the Irkutsk region. The component composition of phenolic compounds was studied by MK-HPLC-UV in alcohol extracts using commercial reference samples. In the above-ground part of the Geranium eriostemon Fischer. 14 compounds were identified (geranium is predominant – 15.25 mg/g, ellagic acid – 2.29 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-glucoside – 2.11 mg/g); Geranium pratense L. – 11 compounds (geranium is predominant – 12.10 mg/g, trigalloyl glucose (isomer 1) – 4.21 mg/g, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside – 1.64 mg/g); Geranium wlassovianum Fischer. -15 (geraniin – 5.26 mg/g, epicatechin – 2.53 mg/g, ellagic acid – 3.27 mg/g, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside – 1.85 mg/g predominate). By spectrophotometry, the amount of tannins in terms of gallic acid in these species ranges from 2.98 to 3.71%, the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin ranges from 2.87 to 3.92%. The maximum content of the sum of tannins and flavonoids is observed during the flowering period. The threshold prognostic level of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity for derivatives of gallic acid, ellagic acid and flavonoids was determined by the Pass method, hemostatic activity was predicted only for flavonoid compounds.

The aim of the article was to analyze the state of knowledge of the following plants: Heteropappus altaicus (Willd.) Novopokr., Solidago dahurica L., Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.), Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn., Leontopodium conglobatum (Turcz.) Hand.-Mazz. and Geranium eriostemon Fischer., G. pratense L., G. wlassowianum Fisch. ex Link. (Geraniaceae).Materials and methods. To compile the review, the information from the following scientific open and available literature sources placed in scientific libraries of institutions, in electronic databases and search systems, was used: floristic summaries “Flora of Siberia”; “Flora of Central Siberia”; Electronic library of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Elibrary; PubMed; Scopus; CyberLeninka, Google Academy; The Plant List, Global Compositae Checklist. The search carried out, was based on the publications for the period of 2009-2020, on the information requests for names of families and subfamilies, names of plant species, biologically active compounds in English, Latin and Russian.Results. A comparative analysis of morphological characters, common species names and the synonyms for the listed species, has been carried out. The studied objects are characterized by the presence of polyphenolic compounds and substances of a triterpene structure, in particular, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, tannides. In addition, the representatives of the Asteroideae subfamily (Asteraceae) show the accumulation of essential oils, and the representatives of the Geranium genus (geranium) show the accumulation of anthocyanins. The spectrum of the pharmacological activity includes anti-inflammatory, choleretic, antimicrobial, antispasmodic and other types of effects.Conclusion. The presented review makes it possible to arrive at the conclusion about a certain knowledge level of the regional representatives of the Asteroideae subfamily and the Geranium genus. This determines the prospects of these plant objects for further pharmacognostic and pharmacological research and the creation of drugs on their basis – the sources of polyphenolic compounds.