Similarities and differences of motivations of giving time and money: Giving to individuals versus humanitarian organizations in an emerging market

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Abstract
This paper provides the first empirically based study of the formal and informal money and time giving motivations together in an emerging market (Turkey) context. Drawing on empathy–altruism hypothesis and social exchange theory, this study aims to examine relationships between internal charitable motivations and the donation of money and time giving to individuals and humanitarian organizations in the context of a Turkish sample. Empathy and altruism, religious values, social impact, materialism, and conspicuous giving motivations are examined in this study. The results indicate that giving motivations change by giving type. Empathy and altruism motivations effect on all types of giving. Persons tend to be more motivated to give money and time interpersonally than through organizations. Furthermore, money and time given to individuals explained by more motivation in the context of a Turkish sample. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are considered, and future research opportunities are discussed.

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