Gas Chromatography: Historical Milestones of Development, Diagnostic Value, and Applicability in Medical Practice

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Abstract
Introduction. Chromatography technology has wide applications across many fields of science and industry. In medicine, chromatographic methods contribute to the successful diagnosis of diseases of both infectious and non-infectious etiology, as well as to the identification of predictors of complication development, in particular through the assessment of metabolite profiles. The aim of this study is to analyze data on the history of development and the diagnostic value of the use of gas chromatography in medical practice.Materials and methods. An analysis of Russian and international scientific publications presented in the electronic scientific libraries eLibrary, Cochrane Library, and PubMed from 2011 to 2025 was conducted using the following keywords and their combinations: “history of chromatography,” “gas chromatography,” “chromatography–mass spectrometry,” and “metabolite.” The inclusion criteria comprised original studies addressing the history and methodology of chromatography, including medical aspects of its application. The exclusion criteria included insufficient detail regarding separation conditions, publications available only in abstract form, and the absence of access to full-text versions of the papers.Results. The article traces the transformation of gas chromatography from an analytical method into a foundation of clinical metabolomics. The authors demonstrate the diagnostic potential of GC profiling as a non-invasive alternative to classical tests. Discussion and conclusion. The technological evolution of gas chromatography and the introduction of intelligent data processing systems are transforming the method into one of the key tools for predictive diagnostics and personalized therapy.

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