Irina Evgenievna Trokhina

Introduction. Chromatography technology has wide applications across many fields of science and industry. In medicine, chromatographic methods contribute to the successful diagnosis of diseases of both infectious and non-infectious etiology, as well as to the identification of predictors of complication development, in particular through the assessment of metabolite profiles. The aim of this study is to analyze data on the history of development and the diagnostic value of the use of gas chromatography in medical practice.Materials and methods. An analysis of Russian and international scientific publications presented in the electronic scientific libraries eLibrary, Cochrane Library, and PubMed from 2011 to 2025 was conducted using the following keywords and their combinations: “history of chromatography,” “gas chromatography,” “chromatography–mass spectrometry,” and “metabolite.” The inclusion criteria comprised original studies addressing the history and methodology of chromatography, including medical aspects of its application. The exclusion criteria included insufficient detail regarding separation conditions, publications available only in abstract form, and the absence of access to full-text versions of the papers.Results. The article traces the transformation of gas chromatography from an analytical method into a foundation of clinical metabolomics. The authors demonstrate the diagnostic potential of GC profiling as a non-invasive alternative to classical tests. Discussion and conclusion. The technological evolution of gas chromatography and the introduction of intelligent data processing systems are transforming the method into one of the key tools for predictive diagnostics and personalized therapy.

Introduction. The problem of gastric ulcer is of particular socio-economic importance and has a tremendous impact on the quality of life of people. The relevance of our study is due to an increase in the incidence of peptic ulcer in the population, the variability of the clinical picture depending on the age category of patients, and the peculiarities of the treatment of this gastrointestinal pathology.The aim of the study is to study the features of the course of gastric ulcer in different age groups of patients under dispensary supervision in the outpatient department of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Moldova “Republican Clinical Hospital No. 5” in the period from 2017 to 2020.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 100 patients of different age groups with gastric ulcer who were under dispensary observation at the outpatient clinic of the Republican Clinical Hospital No. 5 in Saransk in 2017– 2020 was carried out. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the Microsoft Office Excel program.Results and discussion. It was found that gastric ulcer is more often observed in middle-aged and elderly patients and is accompanied by blurring of the clinical picture of the disease, in contrast to young people, who have vivid clinical manifestations of this disease. Ulcerative defects in young and middle-aged patients are more often small in size and are located mainly in the area of the stomach angle, and in elderly and senile patients, ulcers are localized mainly in the cardiac region, can be gigantic and often lead to the development of complications (primarily gastrointestinal intestinal bleeding).Conclusions. The blurring of the clinical picture, the absence of pathognomonic symptoms in elderly patients determine the late diagnosis of gastric ulcer, which ultimately leads to a high incidence of complications requiring surgical intervention. In clinical practice, it is necessary to take into account these features of the course of peptic ulcer disease in elderly patients and to prescribe the necessary complex of laboratory and instrumental studies and preventive therapy in a timely manner.

Amyloidosis is a group of diseases characterized by the deposition of a protein having a fibrillar structure in the organs and tissues of the body. The main difference between amyloid is a high ordering of the structure, which manifests itself in the ability to birefringence in combination with dichroism, i.e. a change in the red colour of amyloid deposits to apple green in polarized light. Today, the disease has stopped to be a rare one, but the similarity of clinical data with well-known diseases increases the timing of diagnosis, affects the prognosis and survival of patients. Rare forms of amyloidosis, the description of which is reflected in this article, deserve special attention.