Saioa Telletxea

The uncertainty triggered by high-impact crises activates cognitive mecha nisms aimed at restoring perceived control and security, often giving rise to defensive strategies, authoritarian attitudes, and support for strong leaders. This article examines how perceived anomie during a period of social crisis relates to psychological distress through distinct political-attitudinal pathways. Focusing on Chile and Spain during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we test a sequential process in which perceived anomie is associated with increased support for strong leaders, which in turn relates to higher right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and, ultimately, psychological distress. We analyze cross-sectional survey data collected in November 2020 from adult community samples in Chile and Spain. Measures assessed perceived anomie, support for strong leaders, RWA, and psychological distress. We estimate a sequential mediation model with bootstrap confidence intervals and examine cross-national regularities by comparing estimates across countries and conducting robustness checks to assess the stability of the findings. Results suggest a small serial indirect association in Chile: anomie related to strong leader preferences and higher RWA, and RWA was modestly associated with lower distress, yielding a small negative indirect effect. In Spain, the RWA-distress link was not significant while anomie showed a positive direct association with distress; therefore, the serial indirect effect was not supported. All associations were small-to moderate and are interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional, time-bound design. The study advances an integrative account connecting macro-level perceptions of social order with individual mental health through identifiable socio-political orientations. By comparing two countries exposed to the same global crisis yet with dissimilar recent political histories and differing levels of institutional trust, the article shows how perceived social breakdown can translate into heightened psychological distress via specific attitudinal mechanisms. The findings underscore the importance of addressing perceived social disintegration together with mental health support during periods of collective uncertainty.

Este estudio revisó las medidas de perdón intergrupal publicadas y utilizadas en contextos de conflicto violento, para posteriormente proponer una escala con un modelo integrador. En primer lugar, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática (Scopus, Web of Science, PsyINFO) seleccionando 72 artículos con 126 estudios y 34 medidas cuantitativas y específicas de perdón intergrupal. Las escalas centrales fueron 12 con 46 ítems. En segundo lugar, mediante juicio de expertos (K = 0.926) y análisis factorial confirmatorio (ML) en una muestra de 80 universitarios (72,5% mujeres; M = 21.36 años), se validaron cuatro dimensiones: Perdón grupal (6 ítems), Memoria (2), Emociones (3) y Perdón de víctimas (4). El modelo mostró ajuste aceptable (CFI = 0.909; RMSEA = 0.097). Los resultados sugieren que la escala propuesta sistematiza el estudio del perdón intergrupal en contextos de conflictos intergruales (en especial de violencia colectiva). Se requieren réplicas para incrementar la validez externa.

El histórico acuerdo de paz entre el Gobierno colombiano y la guerrilla de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) marcó un nuevo capítulo en la historia del conflicto armado más longevo y de mayor victimización del continente. A finales del 2016 el Gobierno sometió el acuerdo a votación con un polémico resultado de 49.8% a favor y 50.2% en contra, que enfatizó la profunda polarización política del país. Este conflicto ha estado caracterizado por las repetitivas violaciones a los derechos humanos de la población civil (Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición [CEV], 2022) y posee un historial de intentos infructuosos de paz con las guerrillas y los grupos paramilitares. El acuerdo de paz constituyó un punto de inflexión en las preferencias de los grupos sociales y políticos sobre la resolución del conflicto armado. ¿Cómo es posible que en un país que ha sufrido seis décadas de guerra, se rechace un acuerdo de paz? Este estudio buscó comprender este resultado mediante el análisis de los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos de quienes votaron a favor y en contra, en un contexto de polarización sociopolítica que llevó a este rechazo

Se revisan y sintetizan 10 estudios de recuerdo libre sobre memoria colectiva en América Latina, Europa y Palestina. Prevalecen la política, la violencia colectiva y la guerra, si bien alrededor del 50% de los acontecimientos fueron valorados positivamente, desconfirmando un sesgo negativo en la memoria colectiva. Sin embargo, en Palestina los eventos mayormente recordados fueron total o parcialmente negativos, reflejando su situación conflictiva. Se confirma un socio-centrismo parcial: en América Latina y Palestina la mayoría de los acontecimientos fueron nacionales. Un meta-análisis confirma un efecto generacional en 24/100 acontecimientos. Los eventos negativos se asociaron a bajo bienestar social en Palestina. Los resultados se discuten en el marco de los procesos de memoria colectiva y las representaciones sociales de la historia.

Research related to food insecurity (FI) among European university student populations is currently limited, especially the studies carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and identify possible predictors of FI among students from a Spanish public university, the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional observational study design was used, in which a total of 422 students completed an online survey. Results were weighted according to age and field of education. Binary logistic regressions adjusted by sex, age, and campus were applied to identify FI predictors. FI in 19.6, 2.6, and 0.7% of the population was mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. The three main predictors of FI were a decrease in the main source of income (OR, 2.80; 95% IC, 2.57–3.06), not receiving scholarships during the pandemic (OR, 2.32; 95% IC, 2.18–2.47), and living arrangements before the pandemic (not living with parents/relatives) (OR, 2.03, 95% IC, 1.89–2.18). This study found a high prevalence of FI among the students surveyed, and the strongest predictors of this FI were related to socioeconomic status. A robust and comprehensive policy response is recommended to mitigate FI in this population.

This study explores the relationship between remembered sociohistorical events and well-being. Its objective is to ascertain the content of historical memory and the way it is associated with this construct. The PHI remembered well-being scale and the CEVI instrument, which asks respondents to describe four relevant historical events during their lifetime, were applied to a convenience sample from the Basque Country (N = 434, range 20–88 years, M = 48.11, SD = 21.47, 59.2% women). Negative and local events predominated. Positive appraisal of historical events was positively associated with personal, hedonic and social well-being, and negative appraisal was positively associated with lower well-being, confirming the greater importance of positive recall in well-being. A stronger relationship between the recall of historical events, particularly positive ones, and the hedonic and social facets of well-being was observed than with personal well-being.

There is a limited number of studies on the impact of mindfulness‐based interventions on university students and their positive effect on collective experiences of shared flow. The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness training in terms of reducing stress and enhancing well‐being, experiences of shared flow and classroom climate (engagement and affiliation). The intervention and control groups were matched by age and sex (n = 125; M = 20.71, SD = 4.60, 68% women). The intervention group comprised mindfulness exercises performed in the classroom over the course of 7 weeks. The principal variables were measured at pretest and posttest, and shared flow was also measured in the intervention group. In comparison with the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in the intervention group in relation to mindfulness, perceived stress, and classroom climate (affiliation). Furthermore, the perception of shared flow among students increased from the beginning to the end of the program. Mindfulness skills were found to mediate improvements in perceived well‐being and stress. It is concluded that mindfulness practice can turn learning into a challenging and shared task. The study highlights the importance of fostering programs that enhance the development of competencies related to mindfulness among university students.

La actual pandemia de la COVID-19 ha supuesto un marcado incremento de las brechas sociales preexistentes. En esta investigación analizamos las relaciones de diferentes facetas de clase social con el bienestar y afectividad general a lo largo de un total de 8 países de la región cultural iberoamericana. Asimismo, también pusimos a prueba el potencial rol mediador del riesgo percibido relativo a la COVID-19 y la eficacia colectiva percibida. Los resultados obtenidos (a) revelaron que una clase social más baja se relacionó con un menor bienestar y afecto positivo, y un mayor afecto negativo; (b) confirmaron que la clase social subjetiva constituye un mejor predictor del bienestar y afectividad general que la clase social objetiva (i.e., nivel educativo); y (c) mostraron que los efectos de la clase social subjetiva en el bienestar/afectividad general se daban de forma indirecta a través del riesgo percibido y la eficacia colectiva. Estos hallazgos confirman la existencia de diferencias en bienestar y afectividad general en función de la clase social durante la pandemia, al tiempo que permiten avanzar en la comprensión de los mecanismos psicosociales subyacentes.

Background and aims Postoperative acute pain management after undergoing laparoscopic surgery has traditionally been carried out with standard analgesia, using both anti-inflammatory and opiate drugs. Placing an interfascial wound catheter intraoperatively in order to administer local anaesthetics through it could optimize the pain control. This analgesic technique could lead to a reduction in postoperative morphine requirements. Our main objective was to determine the efficacy of a multimodal analgesia using an interfascial catheter for postoperative acute pain control after laparoscopic gastric surgery. Methods We analysed a series of patients with an interfascial wound catheter after gastric laparoscopic surgery. A continuous infusion of 0.25% levobupivacaine (8 mL/h) was administered through the catheter during 48 hours after surgery. As additional analgesia, anti-inflammatory drugs (metamizole or ibuprofen) and acetaminophen were used, and parenteral morphine bolus as rescue analgesia. Results Of the 12 patients that were included, 66.6% had an effective analgesia with no need of morphine at all, whilst 36.3% required low doses of morphine during the first 24 hours (3–6 mg of morphine). No complications or adverse effects associated with the wound catheter placing technique were observed. Conclusions During the first 48 hours after laparoscopic gastric surgery, a multimodal analgesia with continuous infusions of local anaesthetics through interfascial catheters can be useful for postoperative acute pain control. In addition, the reduction of morphine consumption avoids adverse effects associated with opiate drugs and leads to shorter hospital length of stay. Finally, this analgesic technique seems to be simple and safe, with no adverse effects associated. Results of morphine requirments