Ku Hasnita Ku Samsu

The participation of minority groups in community governance plays a vital role in promoting social stability, ethnic integration, and effective governance. However, in community governance, there are often significant issues such as the under-representation of minority groups, trust gaps, and cultural and language differences, which limit the meaningful participation of minority residents (Turner et al., 2022). This paper aims to identify the key factors influencing the participation of ethnic minority members in community governance, with particular emphasis on the critical role of establishing networked communication between minority groups and governing bodies. It notes the role of community engagement as a key factor that drives the other factors influencing the participation of ethnic minority members in community governance, such as trust, transparency, awareness, and others. This study conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of 31 peer-reviewed articles from 2020 to 2024 to analyze the trends, key factors, and challenges that affect the participation of minority groups in governance processes. The study highlights the need to develop governance frameworks prioritizing cultural sensitivity, collaborative decision-making, and addressing barriers to digital inclusion. It recommends future research and policy development to promote sustainable and inclusive governance.

This study explores factors affecting elderly users’ continued use of online government services in post-COVID China. Amid rapid digitalization and an aging population, older adults face challenges like low digital literacy, security concerns, and interface complexity. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study examines how system quality, service design, and social support impact user satisfaction and engagement. It also evaluates policy measures such as digital training and service simplification. Findings highlight the roles of usability, trust, and family/community support, offering insights to enhance digital inclusion and bridge the intergenerational digital divide in China's e-government development.

Abstrak: Fenomena penyebaran ucapan berbaur kebencian di media sosial semakin berleluasa dari semasa ke semasa seolah-olah para pelaku tidak memahami konteks ucapan berbaur kebencian dan implikasinya terhadap keharmonian negara. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tahap kefahaman masyarakat Malaysia terhadap kenyataan berbaur kebencian di media sosial yang boleh menjadi ancaman serius terhadap kestabilan sosial dan keselamatan negara. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan gabungan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Kaedah kualitatif yang melibatkan pengaplikasian teknik perbincangan kumpulan berfokus (FGD) telah dijalankan untuk membangunkan instrumen kajian. Kaedah kuantitatif pula dilaksanakan melalui teknik tinjauan yang melibatkan 907 responden dari seluruh negeri di Malaysia. Para responden terdiri daripada pengguna media sosial, mencakupi pelbagai etnik dan agama berdasarkan kepada pensampelan rawak bersistematik. Selain itu, dapatan kajian ini diperkukuhkan dengan data yang diperoleh melalui teknik temu bual. Secara keseluruhan, hasil kajian mendedahkan bahawa masyarakat Malaysia mempunyai tahap kefahaman yang tinggi mengenai kenyataan berbaur kebencian. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat variasi dalam tahap kefahaman terhadap pelbagai aspek kenyataan berbaur kebencian. Dalam hal ini, penemuan kajian ini bukan sekadar menyumbang kepada literatur sedia ada, tetapi juga turut membuka ruang kepada pendekatan inovatif oleh pihak bertanggungjawab dalam menangani kenyataan berbaur kebencian secara lebih bersasar bagi memastikan kestabilan dan keharmonian sosial dalam negara yang berbilang kaum dan agama terpelihara. The spread of hate speech on social media is becoming increasingly widespread, as if the perpetrators do not understand the context of hate speech and its implications for national harmony. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of understanding among Malaysians regarding hate speech on social media, which can pose a serious threat to social stability and national security. This study employs a mixed-methods research approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method involved the application of focus group discussion (FGD) techniques to develop the research instrument. The quantitative method was conducted through a survey involving 907 respondents from across Malaysia. The respondents consisted of social media users from various ethnicities and religions, based on systematic random sampling. Additionally, the findings of this study are reinforced by data obtained through interview. Overall, the results reveal that Malaysians have a high level of understanding regarding hate speech. However, there are variations in the level of understanding concerning different aspects of hate speech. In this regard, the findings of this study not only contribute to the existing literature but also open the door to innovative approaches by relevant authorities in addressing hate speech more effectively to ensure the stability and social harmony of a multiethnic and multireligious nation are preserved.

Despite persistent challenges in women’s political participation, online political participation (OPP) has created new opportunities, with women’s efficacy in changing political processes. However, the results of the studies on OPP and political efficacy (PE) among women are varied. While existing literature suggests a strong correlation between political efficacy (PE) and OPP behaviours, a systematic analysis of women as a marginalised group is lacking. This study addresses this gap by critically examining the types, theories, variables, and research frameworks related to PE and OPP among women, aiming to construct a comprehensive causal framework. Using the PRISMA, the researchers systematically reviewed ten peer-reviewed articles (2014-2023) from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. The analysis revealed diverse dimensions of PE and OPP. PE encompassed internal (IPE), external (EPE), online (OPE), and collective political efficacy (CPE), with IPE most frequently studied. OPP behaviours were categorised into active and passive forms, with online political expression predominating. The theoretical frameworks covered five theories across psychology, political science, and mass media. Results indicated that while OPP did not predict PE, PE significantly predicted OPP. The study identified differences based on democratic contexts, suggesting the need for subtle approaches in future. This review contributes to the field by synthesising current knowledge, elucidating the interplay of relevant variables, and highlighting critical gaps in the literature. By providing a holistic understanding of the PE-OPP relationship among women, this study offers valuable insights for researchers and policymakers. Abstrak: Terdapat cabaran berterusan penglibatan politik dalam kalangan wanita, tetapi penglibatan politik dalam talian (OPP) telah mencipta peluang baharu, bersama efikasi wanita dalam mengubah proses politik. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat dapatan kajian berbeza mengenai penglibatan politik dalam talian dan keberkesanan politik (PE) dalam kalangan wanita. Kajian sedia ada mencadangkan korelasi yang tinggi antara efikasi politik dan tingkah laku penglibatan politik dalam talian, namun analisis sistematik mengenai wanita sebagai golongan terpinggir masih terhad. Kajian ini menangani jurang ini dengan mengkaji jenis, teori, pembolehubah, dan rangka kerja penyelidikan yang berkaitan dengan keberkesanan politik dan penglibatan politik dalam talian dalam kalangan wanita, secara kritis untuk membina rangka kerja penyebab yang komprehensif. Pengkaji menggunakan PRISMA untuk membuat sorotan sistematik ke atas sepuluh artikel yang telah dikaji semula secara setara (2014-2023) daripada Web of Science (WOS) dan Scopus. Analisis mendedahkan pelbagai dimensi keberkesanan politik dan penglibatan politik dalam talian. Keberkesanan politik merangkumi keberkesanan dalaman (IPE), luaran (EPE), dalam talian (OPE) dan keberkesanan politik kolektif (CPE), di mana keberkesanan politik dalaman adalah aspek yang paling kerap dikaji. Tingkah laku penglibatan politik dalam talian dikategorikan kepada aktif dan pasif, dengan keutamaan kepada ekspresi politik dalam talian. Rangka kerja teori pula merangkumi lima teori merentasi bidang psikologi, sains politik dan media massa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan walaupun penglibatan politik dalam talian tidak meramalkan keberkesanan politik, ia dapat meramalkan penglibatan politik dalam talian dengan signifikan. Kajian ini juga telah mengenalpasti perbezaan berdasarkan konteks demokrasi dan mencadangkan keperluan untuk pendekatan terperinci pada masa hadapan. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada bidang berkaitan dengan mensintesis pengetahuan semasa, menjelaskan hubungan antara pembolehubah yang berkaitan, dan mengenalpasti jurang kritikal dalam kajian. Ia juga membantu membentuk pemahaman holistik tentang hubungan PE-OPP dalam kalangan wanita dan menawarkan pandangan yang berharga untuk penyelidik dan penggubal dasar.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.