Tomasz Rachwał

This study investigates how shipping containers are repurposed as architecture in Accra, Ghana. The study reveals the spatial factors shaping the emergence of these adaptive structures. Rather than being randomly situated, containers cluster in strategic locations enabling access to livelihoods while also avoiding eviction threats. Their positioning highlights contradictions between top-down urban planning favouring elite interests and the needs of marginalised residents. The repurposing of containers represents creative grassroots placemaking, transforming discarded industrial artefacts into vital communal infrastructure. However, their proliferation also stems from state-led displacements and lack of affordable housing, reflecting broader exploitation of the urban poor. As such, container structures constitute spatial innovations that represent attempts to resolve the failures of neoliberal urban governance. But they equally crystallise emerging inequalities and conflicts over the right to the city. ...

Purpose: We examined the job demands-resources (JD-R) model among Ghanaian healthcare professionals. We aimed to augment the understanding of employee innovative behavior antecedents by assessing potential job demands–resources correlates using Ghanaian health sector data. Design/methodology/approach: We utilized an online survey to collect data from 422 health workers in Ghana. We assessed the relevant factors of resources, engagement and innovative work behavior (IWB) via a self-reported survey. Structural equation modeling examined the direct and indirect relationships between variables to test the hypotheses. Findings: After establishing acceptable measurement properties, structural modeling revealed that the JD-R framework explained 53.2% of the variance in IWB. Job resources positively predicted work engagement, which in turn enhanced innovation. Uniquely, job demands moderated the resource-engagement linkage, such that subjective workload attenuated their relationship. Practical implications: For practice, the findings suggest that healthcare institutions must provide job resources to drive engagement while considering the workloads' detrimental interactive effects. Originality/value: The findings contribute to the understanding of the moderating effect of job demands, revealing that Ghanaian healthcare professionals' subjective workload experience weakens the positive effects of resourcing on their motivational engagement. These results advance theoretical understanding of the JD-R model's boundary conditions.

This study examines the integration and sustainability of solar energy technologies as a tool for rural electrification in Ghana, using the Lofetsume community as a case study. Persistent electricity access deficits in rural areas, coupled with unreliable grid systems and high energy costs, underscore the need for alternative energy solutions. Through semi-structured interviews and surveys, the study explores community perspectives and expert views on the viability of solar energy in rural Ghana. Findings reveal strong grassroots support for solar energy due to its reliability and environmental benefits, despite barriers such as high upfront installation costs and maintenance challenges. The study recommends multi-stakeholder partnerships, innovative financing models, and capacity-building initiatives to enhance solar energy adoption. By prioritizing solar energy technologies, the government, private sector, and local communities can collaborate to develop sustainable and affordable electrification solutions, ultimately improving living standards in remote areas and contributing to Ghana’s broader energy sustainability goals.

DEFINICJA POJĘCIA: Globalizację w wymiarze ekonomicznym definiuje się najczęściej jako proces integrowania się krajowych i regionalnych rynków w jeden globalny rynek towarów, usług i kapitału o dużej współzależności między państwami i podmiotami gospodarczymi. Deglobalizacja to proces odwrotny do globalizacji, polegający na zmniejszeniu integracji międzynarodowej i współzależności poszczególnych krajów w gospodarce światowej. Natomiast regionalizacja w gospodarce światowej odnosi się do procesu tworzenia regionalnych bloków gospodarczych, w których kraje członkowskie zwiększają współpracę i integrację gospodarczą.ANALIZA HISTORYCZNA POJĘCIA: Pojęcie globalizacji pojawiło się po raz pierwszy w latach 60. XX wieku, choć przejawy tego procesu (tak wówczas nienazywanego) obserwowane były dużo wcześniej. W podobnym okresie, kiedy w odpowiedzi na tragiczne wydarzenia II wojny światowej zaczęto myśleć o różnych formach współpracy i integracji regionalnej, ukształtowało się pojęcie regionalizacji. Nieco młodsze jest pojęcie deglobalizacji, które pojawiło się pod koniec XX wieku jako odpowiedź na negatywne skutki procesów globalizacji.UJĘCIE PROBLEMOWE POJĘCIA: Pojęcie globalizacji jest wieloznaczne i można je rozpatrywać na wielu płaszczyznach i poziomach. W rozdziale przedstawiono ten proces w ujęciu ekonomicznym, zwracając uwagę na jego genezę (przyczyny), przejawy i konsekwencje (zarówno pozytywne, jak i negatywne). Deglobalizację ujęto jako przeciwieństwo globalizacji, wskazując na jej przyczyny i przejawy. Rozważono także na tym tle pojęcie regionalizacji, odnoszące się do integracji w ramach ugrupowań regionalnych. REFLEKSJA SYSTEMATYCZNA Z WNIOSKAMI I REKOMENDACJAMI: Ze względu na wieloznaczność i wielość definicji pojęcia globalizacji trudno o przyjęcie jednej, powszechnie akceptowanej definicji. Z pewnością jednak trzy analizowane pojęcia są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. W końcowej części rozdziału podjęto próbę określenia relacji między tymi trzema pojęciami oraz przedstawienia rekomendacji dla celów formułowania założeń polityki gospodarczej.

Az informális tanulás iránti növekvő figyelem új kérdéseket és lehetőségeket vet fel a kutatás és a fejlesztés számára. Kutatásunk középpontjában a megfigyelésen alapuló kooperatív tanulás áll, amely a szakképzésben ISCED 3. szintű szakképesítés megszerzésére készülő szakmunkástanulók és az általuk megfigyelt diákok, illetve felnőttek között jön létre. A középfokú szakképzés alsó ágán belül a gyakorlatigényes szakmákban tanuló diákokra fókuszálva, egy magyar-lengyel felmérésben 131 magyar és 110 lengyel tanuló részvételével vizsgáljuk a megfigyelésen és együttműködésen alapuló informális tanulást. A változók közötti kapcsolatok kimutatására Chi 2 és Fischer-teszteket használunk. A kutatás eddigi eredményei arra utalnak, hogy a tanulók érdeklődésének és aktivitásának különböző formái gyakran kiegészítik és erősítik egymást. A felmérés rávilágít a barátság, a barátokkal töltött idő és a bizalom fontosságára a fiatalok körében, ami befolyásolhatja a képzés során folytatott viselkedésüket. A tanulmány kiemelten foglalkozik a szakmunkástanulóknak az iskolai tanműhelyben és a kihelyezett vállalati tanműhelyekben folyó képzésről alkotott véleményével.

Interest in rural entrepreneurship among researchers has been systematically growing in recent years, which allows for noticing specific research trends. However, a comprehensive methodological approach to this topic is lacking, especially in the context of new definitions of rural entrepreneurship. This article focuses on the results of a systematic analysis of the literature on rural entrepreneurship aimed at distinguishing emerging research trends. The authors base their conclusions on research of articles from the international databasesof Scopus and Web of Science journals. The paper also proposes an original model of rural entrepreneurship, based on the relationship between a rural entrepreneur and the place of activity, concerning new ways of defining this type of entrepreneurship. This model may help understand the mechanisms of rural entrepreneurshipand the factors determining its development and may constitute a conceptual framework for further empirical research. Moreover, the conclusions from the study have application values, as they can be helpful for decision-makers in formulating local policy assumptions and strategic development plans, especially forrural areas.

Objective: The objective of the article is to understand entrepreneurial intentions among female high school students in Ghana using the theory of planned behaviour. Moreover, it investigates differences based on parental entrepreneurship background and academic specialization. Research Design & Methods: We selected a sample of 1286 senior high school females across 20 schools in Ghana via convenience sampling. We gathered data through a structured questionnaire by Liñán and Chen (2009) and analysed it using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) post-screening. Findings: The results revealed strengthened entrepreneurial intentions for females with parent role models compared to those without. Although all programs significantly impacted intentions, the business track exhibited the largest effect. Hypothesis testing confirmed the theory of planned behaviour’s core antecedents as significant drivers. Implications & Recommendations: The findings can guide education policies and interventions aimed at strengthening female entrepreneurial intentions. However, future studies may consider more senior high or secondary schools in Ghana and other countries. Contribution & Value Added: This research makes key contributions. For instance, it provides greater clarity on the motivational factors shaping Ghanaian female students’ orientations toward future entrepreneurship.

Objective: The objective of the article is to investigate the relationship between environmental support and entrepreneurial intention, as well as the mediating and moderating effects involved. Research Design & Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among a sample of 612 students from institutions of higher education in Spain and Poland. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the conceptual framework and hypotheses. Findings: The findings revealed a positive impact of environmental support (ENSUP) on attitude, behavioural control, and intentions. Furthermore, the research reveals that attitude and behavioural control act as mediating factors in the relationship between ENSUP and intentions. The research showed that environmental support significantly predicted attitudes and intentions among Spanish students but not Poles. Moreover, the influence of support on perceived behavioural control was greater for individuals from non-entrepreneurial backgrounds compared to those with entrepreneurial backgrounds. Lastly, the influence of a person’s attitude towards entrepreneurship on their level of entrepreneurial intentions was stronger in families with entrepreneurship backgrounds compared to families without such a history. Implications & Recommendations: The practical implications of this research extend to universities and policymakers, providing recommendations for supporting young entrepreneurs and their networks. Contribution & Value Added: This article contributes to the existing entrepreneurship literature by enhancing the understanding of the connection between environmental support and intentions, the mediating role of attitude and behavioural control, and the moderating effect of family background.